The Cardiovascular System is the second major system to function in the embryo
In the early development of the cardiovascular system:
Paired angioblastic cords appear in the mesoderm
The heart develops from the foregut
The heart begins to beat at day 22
The primitive CVS begins to appear in the second week of development
The pharyngeal arches are the first structure to appear
The Venous ends of the heart are fixed by
The septum transversum
The pharyngeal arches
The bulboventricular loop
The sinus venosis
The arterial ends of the heart are fixed by
The truncus arteriosus
The bulbus cordis
Label the following section of the heart tube
The Bulbus Cordis and the Ventricle grow and bend to become
The Bulboventricular loop
The Pharyngeal Arches
The Septum Transversum
The Aortic Sac
The Vitelline Veins
return low O2 blood from the yolk sac
carry blood from the chorion to the embryo
drain poor o2 blood from the embryo
drain the amniotic cavity
While there is originally both a right and left umbilical vein, only the right persists
The Common Cardinal veins
drain poor O2 blood from the body of the embryo
The Umbilical Veins
Label the following embryonic veins
Label the following embryonic vein
Label (specifically) the following embryonic vein
The primordial myocardium forms from
During lateral folding, the 2 heart tubes fuse to form one cranio-caudally
As the primitive heart bends:
The two horns of the sinus venosus fuse
The atrium and sinus venosus end up behind the bulbus cordis, truncus arteriosus and ventricle.
The heart gradually invaginates the pericardial cavity
Partitions of the heart develop around week and are essentially finished by the end of week
The Aorta is formed from the coalescence of:
The Umbilical Arteries
The Embryonic Arteries
The Atrioventricular Arteries
Aortic Arches are:
Not all are present simultaneously
All permanent structures
Profoundly different to the Pharyngeal Arch arteries
The 4th Aortic Arch becomes the Arch of the Aorta on the right and the Subclavian Artery on the left
The 3rd Aortic Arch gives rise to:
Common Carotid
Proximal Internal Carotid
External branches of the 3rd arch
Pulmonary trunk
Right subclavian artery
Which of the following Aortic Arches disappear?
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
The 6th Aortic Arch gives rise to:
Arch of the Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Trunk and Ductus Arteriosus
Brachiocephalic Artery and Arch of the Aorta
Internal and External Carotid Arteries
Pulmonary and Left Subclavian Veins
Fusion of the outflow tract cushions results in separation of the blood flow
The truncus arteriosus divides to form the and the Trunk
In right atrial septum formation:
Some of the wall is formed from the sinus venosus
The Atrium decreases in size
The entrance of the sinus venosus is shifted over to the right
During septum formation, for a brief period the left atrium has no venous inflow
The pulmonary veins bud from the
Atrial Septation is complete at week 8
The Septum Primum:
is incomplete
is sickle shaped
gives rise to the ostium primum
gives rise to the ostium secondum
grows from the roof of the atrium into the lumen
The Septum Secundum:
Fuses with the Endocardial Cushions
Grows from the interventricular septum
Gives rise to the foramen ovale at its lower free edge
In pre-natal development, blood flows from right to left through the interatrial septum
In Atrial Septal Defects, Left-to-right shunting of blood:
May be asymptomatic
Presents with an ejection systolic murmur
Causes raised O2 saturation in the right atrium
Ostium Primum defects cause 70% of ASDs
Select the correct statements about Ostium Secundum defects:
They occur in the region of fossa ovalis
They can be caused by underdevelopment of the septum secundum
They can be caused by excessive resorption of the septum primum
The ❌ condition is caused by the absence of the ❌ and septum secondum.
The muscular portion of the Interventricular septum:
is formed by the medial walls of the expanding ventricles
makes up about 10% of the septum
has a foramen close to the inferior border
Tissue from the ❌ close the interventricular foramen, and making up the ❌ part of the septum.
Select the correct statements regarding Ventricular septal defects:
Spontaneous closure may occur before 2 years of age
2 main forms exist: Membranous and Valvular
Left-to-right shunting of blood does not occur
Muscular VSDs are less common in adults than in children
VSDs may present with a pansystolic murmur
In healthy foetal circulation, Left-to-right shunting of blood does not occur
The closure of the atrial septum is due to anatomical changes
Select the INCORRECT statements regarding the closure of the atrial septum:
High pulmonary peripheral vascular resistance and arterial pressures cause right to left shunting pre-natally
Pulmonary peripheral vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressures drop post-natal
Pre-natal lungs are deflated
Pressure gradient post- natal is LA<RA
There is no post-natal evidence of the pre-natal foramen
Which of the following are symptoms of Patent Ductus Arteriosus?
Pulmonary Hypertension
Right Atrium Hypertension
Murmur in both Diastole and Systole
Post-natal blood flow from left to right
Parasystolic murmur
Bradykinin release causes smooth muscle contraction with results in opening of the ductus arteriosus
Upon anatomical closure, the Ductus Arteriosus becomes the
Which of the following is not associated with the Tetralogy of Fallout?
Unequal division of conus cordis
Pulmonary Stenosis
Dual murmur in Systole and Diastole
Large VSD
Overriding Aorta
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle
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