Jessica Bulley
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Wk 10- Introduction to Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry

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Jessica Bulley
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Wk 10- Introduction to Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry

Questão 1 de 50

1

What are the “building blocks” for protein macromolecules?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Amino acids

  • Polysaccharides

Explicação

Questão 2 de 50

1

What are the “building blocks” for polysaccharides?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • monosaccharides

  • glucose

Explicação

Questão 3 de 50

1

What are the “building blocks” for nucleic acids?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • nucleotides

  • glucose

Explicação

Questão 4 de 50

1

A nucleotide consists of three things:

- A nitrogenous base, which can be either adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine (in the case of RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil).
- A five-carbon sugar, called deoxyribose because it is lacking an oxygen group on one of its carbons.
- One or more phosphate groups.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 5 de 50

1

What are the “building blocks” for lipid aggregates?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Fatty acids and glycerol

  • Fatty acids and omega 3

Explicação

Questão 6 de 50

1

What macromolecule/s can be made up of branched chains?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Polysaccharides

  • Monosaccharides

Explicação

Questão 7 de 50

1

How many standard amino acids are there?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 20

  • 6

Explicação

Questão 8 de 50

1

How do the standard amino acids differ from one another?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Side (R) groups

  • Proteins

Explicação

Questão 9 de 50

1

Amino acids can be classified according to their R group. Why might it be useful to use this classification? (Hint, might some amino acids with similar R groups have similar properties?)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • R group differentiates amino group. L and D stereoisomers determine chiralty

  • R group differentiates lipid group. L and R stereoisomers determine chiralty

Explicação

Questão 10 de 50

1

What does it mean if something is Chiral?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The property of having a 'left' and 'right' form of a molecule/compound. They cannot be superimposed on each other as they are not 'identical'

  • The property of having completely identical forms of a molecule/compound. They can be superimposed on each other as they are 'identical'

Explicação

Questão 11 de 50

1

Enantiomers are chiral molecules that are mirror images of one another. Furthermore, the molecules are non-superimposable on one another. This means that the molecules cannot be placed on top of one another and give the same molecule. Chiral molecules with one or more stereocenters can be enantiomers.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 12 de 50

1

What does the L and D in amino acids stand for?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The L in front of an amino acid is a shortened scientific notation for “levorotatory', the D means 'dextrorotatory'. The terms dextrorotatory and levorotatory refer to an optical property that can be observed and measured in a laboratory, by shining a beam of polarized light through a medium containing the substance.

  • The L in front of an amino acid is a shortened scientific notation for “levorous', the D means 'dextrous'. The terms dextrous and levorous refer to an optical property that can be observed and measured in a laboratory, by shining a beam of polarized light through a medium containing the substance.

Explicação

Questão 13 de 50

1

Levorotatory is (of a compound) having the property of rotating the plane of a polarized light ray to the left, i.e. anticlockwise facing the oncoming radiation.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 14 de 50

1

Levorotatory is (of a compound) having the property of rotating the plane of a polarized light ray to the right, i.e. anticlockwise facing the oncoming radiation.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 15 de 50

1

Dextrorotatory (of a compound) is having the property of rotating the plane of a polarized light ray to the right, i.e. clockwise facing the oncoming radiation.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 16 de 50

1

What is a peptide bond?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • less than 50 amino acids in the linear sequence

  • more than 50 amino acids in the linear sequence

Explicação

Questão 17 de 50

1

Explain why amino acids are important.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Amino acids are a source of energy, they contribute about 10-15% of metabolic energy and are precursors to other important biomolecules

  • Although Amino acids are not a source of energy, they contribute about 5-10% of cattabolic energy and occasionally are precursors to other important biomolecules

Explicação

Questão 18 de 50

1

Select Three examples of important Disaccharides.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Sucrose

  • Lactose

  • Maltose

  • Fructose

Explicação

Questão 19 de 50

1

How is Diabetes mellitus diagnosed?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Blood glucose test

  • Glycosuria test

Explicação

Questão 20 de 50

1

Select the Four major roles of Protein.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Plays a role in immunity, growth, regulation of genes and communication (hormones, cells)

  • Generates movement in cells and tissues (e.g. myosin in muscle) and structural support

  • Breaks down covalent bonds and transforms one chemical into another (e.g. enzymes)

  • Carries and stores small molecules or ions (e.g. haemoglobin carrying oxygen)

  • Prevents urine incontinence, hair growth and eye function

Explicação

Questão 21 de 50

1

Give an example of important Monosaccharides

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • D-Glucose, D-Fructose, D-Ribose

  • D-Glucose, D-Fructose, D-Lactose

Explicação

Questão 22 de 50

1

Select three (3) major functions of lipids.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Storage - fuels, insulation, protection, heat production

  • Structural - biological membranes

  • Specific biological actions - Biological messengers - intracellular and extracellular, Co-factors for enzymes, Electron carriers and effectors

  • Storage - ATP, Warmth, Oxytocin

Explicação

Questão 23 de 50

1

Select Four examples of lipid aggregates.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • micelles

  • liposomes

  • membranes

  • lipoproteins

  • lysosomes

Explicação

Questão 24 de 50

1

Select four (4) of the major functions of carbohydrates in a cell

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • – structure

  • – nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

  • – cell to cell communication

  • - energy source

  • - makes up the cytoplasm

Explicação

Questão 25 de 50

1

What is Beer ’s Law?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • a more concentrated solution absorbs more light than a more dilute solution does.

  • a more diluted solution absorbs more light than a more concentrated solution does.

Explicação

Questão 26 de 50

1

What is Lambert’s Law?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • states that absorbance of a material sample is directly proportional to its thickness

  • states that absorbance of a material sample is irregardless of its thickness

Explicação

Questão 27 de 50

1

What is the combined Lambert-Beer Law?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • As the light passes through a solution, the intensity of light transmitted decrease, exponentially with increasing path length (lamberts law) and with increasing concentration of the absorbing substance (Beers law)

  • As the light passes through a solution, the intensity of light transmitted decrease, exponentially with increasing path length (lamberts law) and with decreasing concentration of the absorbing substance (Beers law)

Explicação

Questão 28 de 50

1

Lipids may not be considered true macromolecules because of their structure. Briefly explain.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Because individual monomers (fatty acids) are not covalently bound to each other in a macromolecular structure

  • individual monomers (fatty acids) are not ionic compounds to each other in a macromolecular structure

Explicação

Questão 29 de 50

1

Can two sugar molecules have different configurations despite having the same molecular formula?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Yes - because of stereoisomers

  • No - because there is no such thing

Explicação

Questão 30 de 50

1

Is it more convenient to use Absorbance or Transmittance to determine the concentration of a substance?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Transmittance - The difference between the intensity of the incident light beam Io and the intensity of the light transmitted by the solution It

  • Absorbance - The difference between the intensity of the incident light beam Io and the intensity of the light transmitted by the solution It

Explicação

Questão 31 de 50

1

What is the general structure of an amino acid

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • alpha (α) carbon, carboxyl group, amino group, ‘R’ group

  • alpha (α) hydrogen, carboxyl group, amino group, ‘R’ group

Explicação

Questão 32 de 50

1

Explain the term Diabetes mellitus

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.

  • low blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.

Explicação

Questão 33 de 50

1

Spectrophotometers can be used to measure the absorbance of light of a particular wavelength by a certain material. What is meant by the term absorbance?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The amount of light absorbed by the material used depending on thickness

  • The amount of light unabsorbed by the material used depending on thickness

Explicação

Questão 34 de 50

1

Why is the selection of optimal analytical wavelength important for spectrophotometric measurement?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Because different compounds absorb light at different wavelengths, a spectrophotometer can be used to distinguish compounds by analyzing the pattern of wavelengths absorbed by a given sample.

  • Because some compounds do not absorb light at different wavelengths, therefore a spectrophotometer can not be used to distinguish compounds by analyzing the pattern of wavelengths absorbed by a given sample.

Explicação

Questão 35 de 50

1

List two examples of terms that describe different secondary structures that can be found in proteins.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Final folded form of the protein.

  • α-helix, β-sheet and Turns

Explicação

Questão 36 de 50

1

What is meant by the term 'Protein Primary Structure'

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Linear sequence of amino acids.

  • Folds, Helices and Strands

Explicação

Questão 37 de 50

1

What is meant by the term 'Protein Secondary Structure'

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Secondary protein structure is the general 3-dimensional form of local segments of a protein. The most common secondary structures are alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets.

  • This process happens in the nucleus. In the cytoplasm, ribosomes will interact with the transcript and create a protein (polypeptide) from individual amino acids.

Explicação

Questão 38 de 50

1

What is meant by the term 'Protein Tertiary Structure'

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The general 3-dimensional form of local segments of a protein. The most common structures are alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets.

  • Tertiary structures involve packaging and folding the secondary structures into compact globular regions called protein domains.

Explicação

Questão 39 de 50

1

What is meant by the term 'Protein Quaternary Structure'

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Protein quaternary structure is the number and arrangement of multiple folded protein subunits in a multi-subunit complex.

  • Amino acids form structures such as alpha helices, beta sheets, and random coils, which in turn fold on themselves

Explicação

Questão 40 de 50

1

A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two amino acids

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 41 de 50

1

Stereoisomers are isomeric molecules that have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 42 de 50

1

A codon is the sequence of 3 consecutive nucleotides on a DNA or RNA strand. It either codes for a specific amino acid in a polypeptide or terminates the polypeptide chain

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 43 de 50

1

peptide = less than 50 amino acids in the linear sequence
polypeptide or protein = more than 50 amino acids in the linear sequence

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 44 de 50

1

Protein Structure


Linear sequence of amino acids.


Backbone of the polypeptide chain folds into regular geometric structures.
• α-helix
• β-sheet
• Turns


Final folded form of the protein.
The native form of the protein.


Association of two, or more, polypeptide tertiary structures.
e.g.haemoglobin is comprised of two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

    Primary structure
    Quaternary structure
    Tertiary structure
    Secondary structure

Explicação

Questão 45 de 50

1

Lipids are composed of relatively simpler smaller molecules and they can form very large structures through non covalent associations

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 46 de 50

1

Unsaturated lipids have a double bond

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 47 de 50

1

When lipids are placed in an aqueous solvent, they cluster together forming microscopic lipid aggregates. In a lipid aggregate, the hydrophobic component of lipids are in contact with each other, while the polar head groups are in contact with the aqueous solvent.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 48 de 50

1

Carbohydrate– ‘hydrate of carbon ’ Cn H2nOn (where n ≥3)

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 49 de 50

1

Oligosaccharides:
- 2 to 20 monosaccharides
-polysaccharides - ≥20 monosaccharides

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 50 de 50

1

Carbohydrate - structure
• General name
– according to number of carbons eg. trioses, tetroses,
pentoses, hexoses, heptoses
– according to type: aldose or ketose
• Aldoses
– aldehyde group in the structure
• Ketoses
– ketone group in the structure

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

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