As atmospheric concentrations of CO2 increase, ______ CO2 dissolves into the oceans making the oceans more ________.
Less; basic
more; basic
less; acidic
more; acidic
Burning coal, oil, and natural gas as an energy source moves carbon from the _____ carbon cycle to the _____ carbon cycle.
fast, fast
fast, slow
slow, fast
slow, slow
Which type of power plant produces the most CO2 emissions
Coal
They produce the same amount
Natural Gas
Humans burn coal, petroleum, and natural gas to release energy and do lots of work. What is the original source of energy that is stored in coal, petroleum, and natural gas?
The energy released by burning coal, petroleum, and natural gas was originally captured by ocean waves.
The energy released by burning coal, petroleum, and natural gas was originally captured when the moon split from the Earth.
The energy released by burning coal, petroleum, and natural gas was originally captured from the core of the planet.
The energy released by burning coal, petroleum, and natural gas was originally captured by ancient photosynthetic organisms.
Ocean dwelling invertebrates and salt-water fish are two groups of animals that are experiencing very high extinction rates over the past 150 years. Which of the following statements could help explain why species of both ocean dwelling invertebrates and salt-water fish are going extinct.
Due to increased greenhouse gasses, there is more sunlight hitting the ocean and ocean temperatures are rising.
More rain due to increased amounts of water vapor in the atmosphere.
Underwater volcanos are erupting more than at any other time in Earth’s history.
Changing ocean pH due to increased atmospheric CO2 levels.
Up to 40% of fresh water fish species are threatened or already extinct. Which of the following factors is contributing to the increased rate of fresh water fish species extinction?
Increasing human demand on fresh-water sources
The damming of rivers
Spread of Invasion species
All of the above
Which of the following carbon reservoirs has the MOST carbon in it?
Carbon in the deep earth in sediment and rocks
carbon in the oceans
carbon in the atmosphere
carbon in the topsoil
Carbon that is captured in an organic molecule made during photosynthesis and enters the food web is considered to be part of which carbon cycle?
slow carbon cycle
fast carbon cycle
edible carbon cycle
sinister carbon cycle
Which of the following carbon reservoirs has the least carbon in it
carbon in the deep earth in sediment and rocks
carbon in the top soil
The slow carbon cycle describes carbon moving through these different forms and reservoirs. It typically takes a carbon molecule how long to move through these different reservoirs?
A few hundred years
hundreds of years
thousands of years
several hundred thousand years
many millions of years
All of the following affect atmospheric carbon concentrations except
how much fossil fuel is being burnt
dissolved carbon dioxide in the oceans
overall photosynthesis rates
how much carbon is entering the earth from the moon
Which of the following events do we think was a triggering event for a mass extinction?
a large meteorite striking the planet
rapid changes ocean pH
volcanic activity
rapid changes in average global temperatures
all of the above
How can we determine extinction rates that occurred many millions of years ago?
By asking the species that lived through it
By examining the fossil record
By determine atmospheric conditions
There is a record of extinctions kept in the rings of trees
True or False: approximately 50% of the species that have ever lived on the earth are currently alive
True
False
Over the course of life’s history on planet Earth, how many mass extinctions have taken place?
2
3
4
5
6
How does the rate of new species forming change in the few millions of years following a mass extinction event?
Due to a lack of competition, there tends to be an increase in the rate of new species evolving after a mass extinction event.
The rate of new species evolution does not change before or after a mass extinction event
Due to a lack food, there tends to be a decrease in the rate of new species evolving after a mass extinction event
The age of the dinosaurs ended with the K-PG extinction event. This extinction event was triggered approximately how many millions of years ago?
65 million
200 million
250 million
360 million
430 million
As mass extinction is when _________ or more of the living species die off within a short period of time (typically two million years or less)
25%
50%
75%
90%
With declining population number in plant and animal species, as well as increased rates of species extinctions, food webs and trophic levels become ________ stressed and move ______ collapsing.
more, farther from
more, closer to
less, farther from
less, closer to
Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have _________ over the past 500 million years.
held steady
only increased
only decreased
gone through periods of increasing and decreasing
Clearcutting a forest to make pastures for grazing cattle
can cause a decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
does not affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Can cause an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
True or False: The choices consumers in America make have no effect on land usage in other countries.
Since 1976 humans have been cutting down forests (deforestation) faster than we have been planting new forests (reforestation). If we reversed this trend and created an economy where it was more profitable to plant new forests than chop down forests, we would expect atmospheric CO2 concentrations to
decrease
stay the same
increase
Invasive vine species can take over a forest, replacing hardwood tree species. Vines store _______ carbon in their bodies than hardwood trees
more
same
less
The Great Acceleration started in the 1950s and continues to this day. The Great Acceleration is marked by increased:
damming of rivers
human population
fertilizer use
paper production
all of the above are correct
which kills the most birds in a year
wind turbines
cell and radio towers
domesticated cats
Geologists and ecologists now agree that we are in a new geologic era that started in the 1950s. This era is called the
Uhohocene
holocene
anthropocene
humanocene
which protein source produces the most CO2 emissions per serving
Cheese
Beef
Pork
Beans
Poultry
The election in 2020 will be the first time since the 1980s that the baby boomers are not the largest voting demographic. Which generation is set to overtake the baby boomers?
Millennials
Generation Z
The silent generation
Generation X
True or False: Atmospheric carbon dioxide can diffuse into the oceans, changing the pH of the oceans.
Which sector of the American economy produces the most CO2 emissions?
Residential and commercial production
waste disposal treatment
power station
farming
Between 20-35% of the land plant species on the planet are threatened with extinction. A contributing factor to this situation is
ocean acidification
Farming
Increasing atmospheric CO2
Increasing average global temperatures
Plants species are going extinct at a high rate. As more and more plant species go extinct and the total photosynthesis rates on the planet decreases, we expect atmospheric CO2 concentrations to
Is earth in the currently in the midst of a mass extinction event
no
yes
While the slope of the keeling curve is increasing, there are seasonal differences in global atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the year. Which of the following statements best explains why there are differences in total planetary levels of photosynthesis during the year?
The temperatures during the summer months get warmer in the southern hemisphere than the northern hemisphere, so there is more photosynthesis in the southern hemisphere summer.
There is more land and plants in the northern hemisphere, so there is more photosynthesis during the northern hemisphere summer.
The seasonal differences in global atmospheric CO2 concentrations have nothing to do with photosynthesis.
Since 1958 atmospheric CO2 concentrations have been increasing. Recently, the average annual global temperatures have been ___________.
decreasing
holding steady
increasing
The 30% increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the past 60 years is primarily due to
more carbon entering the atmosphere from the sun
the removal of the trees so less CO2 is being used in photosynthesis
the burning do fossil fuels that release geologically stored carbon as CO2 gas
slowing down of the carbon cycle
True or False: Most models of human activity suggest that atmospheric concentration of CO2 will decrease over the next 20 years.
True or false: there is a direct correlation between increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and increasing average global tempures
Over the past 800,000 years, global average annual temperatures have
gone through period of increasing and decrasing
Select the gases that are not considered greenhouse gases:
CH4
CO2
H2O vapor
N2O
they are all considered greenhouse gasses
How would you expect things to different if the earth atmosphere did not contain any greenhouse gasses?
The planet would be warmer than current conditions
The planet world be cooler than current conditions
The planet would be the same as current conditions
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere affect average annual global temperatures by:
affecting how more solar evergy absorbing by the surface of the earht
blocking out the sun from plants and determining how much photosynthesis happens
causing more or less total sunlight reaching the earths surface
determining how much energy that is emitted by the earth is reflected back to the planet
Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causes an _________ in average annual global temperatures.
Over 50% of known mammal species are declining in population and over 20% of mammal species are already classified as endangered, threatened, or vulnerable. The single factor that has contributed the most to the decline in mammalian numbers is
the spread of invasive species
increasing CO2 concentrations
loss of habitat
meteorites
When a plant dies and the plant body decomposes to become part of the soil carbon is moved from the fast carbon cycle to the slow carbon cycle. Which plants are best at removing carbon from the fast carbon cycle?
Grasses that grow fast and die young.
Flowering plants that support a diverse ecosystem.
Vines that do not require lots of supporting tissues.
Hardwood trees that build massive bodies.
True or False: The deep ocean carbon reservoir contains lots of organic carbon from dead sea creatures.
true
false
How does the process of photosynthesis, which is also the primary production of all ecosystems, affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations?
Photosynthesis decreases atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Photosynthesis does not affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Photosynthesis increases atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Null question
kemp messed up
Kemp messed up
Freebie- just pick an answer-Select one item from choices that you plan on doing to help reduce your carbon footprint.
Turn off lights and computers when not in use to reduce electric consumption.
Eat more locally grown food.
Advocate on the Marquette campus for more sustainable practices.
When you buy a car, you plan on buying an electric car.
