Japanese History

Feudalism Definition

Feudalism Examples

Result of Feudalism

Feudalism and the Economy

Feudalism - Basic Social Unit

Emperor

Shogun

Daimyo

Fudai

Tozama

Samurai

Seppuku

Bushido Code

Peasants

Merchants
not nobel - parasites

Han

Mid 16th Century Shogun

Oda Nubunaga

Battle of Sekighara

1616

Tokugawa Family

Bakufu

Sankin Kotai

5 Steps to Order and Unity

Shogunate

The Polo's - Zipangu 1295

Portuguese

Age of Exploration

1549
Francis Xavier and Jesuit Missionaries

Oda Nubunaga Religious Beliefs

Spanish

Dutch

Rangaku

English

Increased Trade Links

Disequilibrium in Japan

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

1587 Edict

1587 Edict Consequences

1592
Rival Franciscan Friars from the Philippines

Franciscans

February 1597

Chinese and Japanese Thinking
"Asia-centred"

China

"Euro-centric" Europeans

Atavistic

Edicts

1612 and 1613 Edicts

1614 Edict

1613 to 1626

Isolation of Japan
"Bamboo Curtain"

Edict 1636

Rangaku

Long Period of Peace

Trade and Production within Japan was growing

The Shimbara Rebellion
REASONS

1627 Shimbara Rebellion

Portuguese Departure

Isolation Period

1640

1641

Commodore Perry

Tokugawa Ieyasu Shogun

Life Under the Tokugawa's

The Decline of the Samurai's

Ronin

Growth of Trade

Merchant Class Expanded

Peasant Farmers

Daimyo

em Decline of the Tokugawa Syst

1800's

Japanese Scholars - Rangaku

Effect of Foreigners on the Position of the Shogun

Growth of Edo

Mid 19th Century Threat on Three Fronts

Sonno

Tozama Clans (Composition)

Demands Made

1. Called for Restoration of Political Power to the Emperor

2. Expulsion of all Foreigners from Japan

Supporters of the Movement

1860-1863

Western Government

Western Response

'Shi-Shi' Response to Western Attacks

1866

1867

1866 Secret Alliance

Fall of the Shogun

Civil War 1868

The Emperor Mutsuhito
MEIJI

Ruling Oligarchy/Genro

New Imperial Capital

25 July 1869 - Imperial Decree

29 August 1871

Ken

Radical Change

The Charter Oath - April 1886

AIMS
1. Deliberate Assemblies Shall be Widely Established and All Matters Decided by Public Decisions

OVERCOME
1. Deliberate Assemblies Shall be Widely Established and All Matters Decided by Public Decisions

AIMS
2. All Classes, High and Low, Shall Unite in Vigorously Carrying Out the Administration of Affairs of State

OVERCOME
2. All Classes, High and Low, Shall Unite in Vigorously Carrying Out the Administration of Affairs of State

AIMS
3. The Common People, No Less than the Civil and Military Officials, Shall each be Allowed to Pursue His Own Calling so there may be no Discontent

OVERCOME
3. The Common People, No Less than the Civil and Military Officials, Shall each be Allowed to Pursue His Own Calling so there may be no Discontent

~ Abolish feudal order of Japan and specified rank
~ Remove discontent from classes lacking rank or exclude from opportunities
~ Feudal system restrictive and looked for change

OVERCOME
4. Evil Customs of the Past shall be Broken off Everything Based Upon the Just Laws of Nature

AIMS
5. Knowledge shall be sought throughout the World so as to Strengthen the Foundations of Imperial Rule

OVERCOME
5. Knowledge shall be sought throughout the World so as to Strengthen the Foundations of Imperial Rule

PIECEMEAL PROCESS
Constitution June 1868

PIECEMEAL PROCESS
Voluntary Handing Over of Fief by Tozama Daimyo to Emperor 1869

25 July 1869

OFFICIAL DECLARATION OF ABOLITION OF FEUDALISM 1872
Prefectures

OFFICIAL DECLARATION OF ABOLITION OF FEUDALISM 1872
Cash Pensions

OFFICIAL DECLARATION OF ABOLITION OF FEUDALISM 1872
Land Reforms - need farmers on board

1872 Certificate of Land Ownership to Peasants

1873 Tax in cash; Loss of "commons: - Tenant Farmers

Commons

Farmland

Farmers

REFORMS
Military - Army

French and German (1871) model

1870 Universal Military Service - Resentment of Samurai

Rebellion Saigo Takamori
Preserve Tradition

Saigo Takamori

REFORMS
Military - Navy

British Model, Warships and Instructors

Satsuma Domination

REFORMS
Finance

1871

1872

National Banks Established Under Pressure from Government

1882 - European style took place

REFORMS
Heavy Industry Encouraged
Importing Equipment

REFORMS
Light Industry
Import of Real Materials

REFORMS
Transport and Communications

1871 Telegraph and Postal Services

1872 Railway Linking Tokyo and Yokohama

REFORMS
Zaibatsu
State Owned Enterprises

State Control - Privatisation

REFORMS
Education - Stone of Japan

1871 Ministry of Education

1872 Decree - Primary Education

1871 Tokyo University
Principal Training for Future Government Leaders

1890
"Rescript on Education"

REFORMS
Legal

Implications of Extraterritorial Rights of Foreigners

Criminal and Civil Law

Meiji Transformation

Fukuzawa Yukichi

Westernisation

MEIJI MODERNISATION
International Relations

1. Search for economic autonomy - expansion in Asian mainland (Korea and China)

2. Search for security acquisition in strategic areas (Korea and Manchuria)

Three Schools of Thought

Civil Bureaucrats (administrators)

Military Bureaucrats

Radicals

The Sino-Japanese War Causes

China Position

SINO-JAPNESE WAR CAUSES
Treaty of Tientsin

SINO-JAPNESE WAR CAUSES
Treaty of Tientsin - Provisions/Terms

SINO-JAPANESE WAR CAUSES
Loochoo Islands 1891

SINO-JAPANESE WAR CAUSES
Sailors Murdered in Taiwan

SINO-JAPANESE WAR CAUSES
Japan Claimed Compensation (China also claimed the Loochoo's)

SINO-JAPANESE WAR CAUSES
Japan Sent Force Against Taiwanese

SINO-JAPANESE WAR CAUSES
China Capitulated (weakness) -
Paid Indemnity to Japan

SINO-JAPANESE WAR CAUSES
1879 Japan Formally Annexed Loochoo's as Okinawa Prefecture of Japan

Korea - The Hermit Kingdom

Japan interested in Control of Korea

1868 Japan Attempts to Establish Diplomatic Relations Rejected

1875 Japan Threatens Force

1875 Treaty of Kanghwa

1875 Treaty of Kanghwa
Korean Response

1875 Treaty of Kanghwa
Korean Response
Conservatives

1875 Treaty of Kanghwa
Korean Response
Progressives

1882 Attack of Japanese at the Legation at Seoul

1885 Li-To Convention

1894 Rebellion of Tong Kak Society

1894 Rebellion of Tong Kak Society
JAPANESE RESPONSE

1894 Rebellion of Tong Kak Society
OUTCOME

Japan deposed King of Korea - Set up Puppet Regent

Regent Severed Korean Connections with China

The Kowshing Sunk by Japan
China Declared War on Japan

EVENTS/COURSE SINO-JAPANESE WAR 1894-5 - CHINESE DEFEATS
Pursued Across the Yalu River

EVENTS/COURSE SINO-JAPANESE WAR 1894-5 - CHINESE DEFEATS
Port Arthur Stormed

EVENTS/COURSE SINO-JAPANESE WAR 1894-5 - CHINESE DEFEATS
Surrender at Wei Hai February 1895

Peace Treaty of Shimonoseki

Peace Treaty of Shimonoseki Terms

Japan Consequences

Japanese "War Party"

China Consequences

Tripple Intervention

Tripple Intervention Reasons

Tripple Intervention Japanese Reaction

BOXER REBELLION
Hatred for "Foreign Devils"
'Boxers of Society' or 'Harmonious Fists'

By-products of foreign intervention - growth anti-foreign feeling

ANTI-CHRISTIAN, ANTI-FOREIGN REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT IN NORTH CHINA

Mancha Dynasty Response Boxer Rebellion

BOXER REBELLION
Arrival 1900