is the study of the environment and everything in it, both living and non-living
The is all the different types of ecosystems found on Earth
A is the place where something lives. It includes all the things that make it a suitable place to live. For example, food, water, and shelter.
A is each organisms specific role in the environment
Which of the following affects community structures?
Abiotic Factors
Light
Seasons
Biotic Factors
Interactions
Which of the following are examples of abiotic factors?
Climate
Topography
Soil Type
Plant Structures
Human Activity
Resources
Which of the following is a example of biotic factors?
Evolution
Adaptations
Diseases
Which of the following are examples of interactions?
Competition
Predation
Disease
Any close relationship between species is called
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefits is called
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected is called
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is harmed is called
The presence of predators usually increases the number of different species that can live in an ecosystem. Predators limit the size of prey population. As a result, there is more food available and less competition between species
is when any two individuals of the same or different species will have differences that makes one a better competitor than the other, so one is naturally excluded. They cannot coexist indefinitely
are certain species that are critical to the survival and diversity of the community. They dictate community structures by outcompeting other species. If they are removed, another species may dominate and exclude others. This decreases biodiversity
is a series of events that occur during the colonization of barren land. is a series of events that occur during the re-colonization of distributed land that already possesses soil.
Lichens and mosses break down rock to produce soil. This is known as
Grasses and Shrubs
Small shrubs and trees
Pioneer Species
Climax Community
Opportunistic, fast growing plants colonize and stabilize the soil layer. This is known as
This outcompetes the grasses for light and nutrients. It is known as
Grasses and shubs
Mature trees and shrubs are known as
Grasses and shrubs
are all the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time
is the statistical study of populations. It is used to predict how the size of a population will change
Population size
is the number of individuals in a population
influences the growth rate in enviorments
has an important impact on evolution
has an important effect on the ability of the population to survive
A small population is more likely to become extinct
because of natural selection
in the case of random events or natural disaster
due to inbreeding where the population is more genetically alike. Recessive traits are more likely to appear.
in order to achieve evolution
with reduced variability it is harder to adapt the changes
Population density
the second major impact in evolution
the number of individuals in a given area
if they are too far apart they may only rarely encounter one another resulting in little reproduction
a cause of natural disasters
Disease, competition, predators, parasites, food, and crowding are all examples of .
Volcanic eruptions, temperature, storms, floods, droughts, chemical pesticides, and major habitat disruptions are examples of factors.
is the way in which individuals are arranged.
Model
a hypothetical population that has key characteristics of the real population being studied.
reflects the birth and death rates in society
illustrates the population in the past
used by demographers to predict how a population will grow
is the population growth plotted against time. As a population gets larger, it also grows at a faster rate. This is the maximum population growth under ideal circumstances. It includes plenty of room for each member, unlimited resources, and no hindrance.
This model accounts for the declining resources available to populations as they grow.
Carrying capacity
Logistic model
Exponential growth curve
Exponential decay curve
The number of organisms of one species that an environment can support indefinitely
Carrying Capacity
Logistic Model
What are 2 ways a population can prosper?
Depends of exponential growth rate
Depends on the rate of growth
Depends on the population density
Influenced by the carrying capacity
are characterized by exponential growth, which results in temporarily large populations, followed by sudden crashes in population size. R=rate of growth
are characterized by a high degree of specialization. K=carrying capacity.
An is a collection of organisms and their enviorment
All of Earth's energy comes from the sun
is when organisms use the Sun's energy to create energy rich molecules
What are sugars made up of?
Carbon
Phosphorous
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Energy is stored in the of the atoms. When the bond is broken, energy is to fuel life processes
A is an organism that uses an outside energy source like the Sun to make energy-rich molecules
What does most producers contain? What is it required for?
Energy ; Chemosynthesis
Producers; Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll; Photosynthesis
Consumers; Chemosynthesis
Green plants are .
Organisms that are found near volcanic vents in the ocean floor that make energy-rich molecules do it through a process called
A is an organism that cannot make their own food so they obtain energy by eating other animals. The four types are herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers.
A food chain is a simple model of the feeding relationship in an ecosystem.
This describes the concentration of toxins at higher trophic levels due to an increase of ingested biomass
Eutrophication
Human Impact-Depletion of the Ozone Layer
Biological Magnification
Acid Rain
This is the excess algal growth in bodies of water due to nutrient over-enrichment
Human Impact- Depletion of the Ozone Layer
This causes damage to the ozone layer; there is a hole that doesn't protect as effectively against solar UV rays
Human Impact
Air Pollutants
is when precipitation combines with sulfates in the air released from pollution to make acid rain
All of the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time is a .
The movement of individuals into a population from another area is called
The movement of individuals out of a population is called
competition is when members of the same species compete for limited resources, while competition is when different species compete for limited resources.
