Which of the following does NOT contain fibrocartilage?
temperomandibular joint
Intervertebral disc
Sutures
Joint menisci
Which of the following is considered a synchondrosis?
Growth plate in a long bone
Joint between horse metacarpals
Periodontal ligament
Stifle joint
Which of the following is a gomphosis?
Temporomandibular joint
Growth plate on a long bone
Synovial fluid is produced by which cells?
Tenocytes
Type A synoviocytes
Type B synoviocytes
Chondrocytes
Which of the following is TRUE regarding synovial fluid?
Type A synoviocytes are macrophage-like and destroy any debris
It contains a basement membrane
Has a high number of leukocytes
Tenocytes are responsible for producing the synovial fluid
Articular cartilage mostly contains what type of collagen?
Type !!
Type I
Type III
In which articular cartilage zone would you expect to find older chondrocytes?
superficial zone
mid zone
deep zone
In which articular cartilage zone would the collagen be arranged parallel to the articular surface?
Which of the following is an extracellular protein in articular cartilage that is negatively charged and attracts water?
Proteoglycan
Hyaluronic Acid
Glycoproteins
Perichondrium does not surround which type of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Articular cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage contains mostly what type of collagen?
Type II
Trabeculae is found in which part of the long bone?
cortex
medullary cavity
epiphyses
metaphyses
Which bone cell is responsible for secreting osteoid?
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Which cell maintains the bone matrix?
Bone is composed of predominantly
Hydroxyapatite mineral
Type I Collagen
Type II Collagen
Water
When mechanical stress causes a net change in a bone's shape, this is known as
Modelling
Remodelling
Direct bone healing involves what type of osteon?
primary
secondary
Which type of ossification involves no cartilage template?
Intramembranous ossification
Endochondral ossification
Long bones form via
Which hormone would inhibit osteoclasts?
Parathyroid hormone
Vitamin D
Calcitonin
Tendons are composed of mainly
Hydroxyapatite material
Which of the following contains mostly type II collagen?
Articular Cartilage
Tendon
Bone
Satellite cells are responsible for
repairing muscle cells
generating synovial fluid
phagocytosing any debris in the synovium
innervating extrafusal muscle fibres
In which region of the stress/strain curve does crimp straighten?
Toe region
Elastic region
Yield point
Rupture
Molecules become distorted in which region of the strain/stress curve?
Toe Region
Elastic Region
Yield Point
Which of the following is TRUE regarding tenocytes?
They are hypoxia intolerant
They are highly vascular
They have a limited ability to remodel
Their nuclei are all uniform in shape
The attachment of a tendon onto a bone is known as a(n)
bursa
enthesis
hysteresis
fasciculus
Which of the following muscles has a mostly pennate arrangement?
pectoral
serratus ventralis
brachiocephalicus
latissimus dorsi
Which type of muscle arrangement has more sarcomeres?
Parallel
Pennate
Which of the following muscles would likely have the longest fascicle length?
Superficial digital flexor
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
What type of muscle insertion would generate more force?
Proximal insertion
Distal insertion
What type of posture would generate the most speed?
Unguligrade
Digitigrade
Plantigrade
Which of the following is FALSE regarding cardiac muscle?
cardiomyocytes are connected via intercalated discs
it is multinucleated
it contains adherens junctions which are mechanical connections
it contains gap junctions which are electrical connections
A sarcomere is defined as the distance from
Z disc to Z disc
M line to Z disc
A-band to I-band
Myosin filaments are joined at the
M line
Z disc
A disc
I-line
What is known as the thin filament?
Sarcomere
Myosin
Actin
Which muscle fiber type has a low myosin ATPase activity?
Slow Oxidative (Type 1)
Fast Oxidative Glycolytic (Type 2a)
Fast Glycolytic (Type 2b)
Which muscle fiber type appears darker?
Type 1
Type 2a
Type 2b
An increase in resistance training would cause what type of muscle adaption?
hypertrophy of Type 1 fibers
hypertrophy of Type 2 fibers
Proprioceptors are NOT found in
Skin
Skeletal muscle
An alpha motor neuron innervates
extrafusal fibers or normal muscle fibers
intrafusal fibers or muscle spindles
extrafusal fibers or muscle spindles
intrafusal fibers or normal muscle fibers
The disynpatic reflex results in
inhibition of alpha motor neurons
excitation of alpha motor neurons
inhibition of gamma motor neurons
The navicular bone is also known as the
distal sessamoid bone
proximal sessamoid bone
distal phalanx
middle phalanx
proximal phalanx
The coffin joint is also known as the
metacarpophalangeal joint
proximal interphalangeal joint
distal interphalangeal joint
The pastern joint is also known as the...
A synovial space exists between the navicular bone and the...
deep digital flexor
superficial digital flexor
suspensory ligament
distal seasamoidean ligament
The hoof wall generates from the...
coronary band
perioplic corium
lamellar corium
solar corium
Regeneration of the hoof wall involves uncoupling of the...
primary epidermal lamellae with the secondary epidermal lamellae
primary epidermal lamellae with the primary dermal lamellae
primary dermal lamellae with the secondary dermal lamellae
secondary epidermal lamellae with the secondary dermal lamellae
Laminitis is caused by...
the closure of AVA in the capillary network in the primary dermal lamellae
the opening of AVA in the capillary network in the primary dermal lamellae
the closure of AVA in the capillary network in the primary epidermal lamellae
the opening of AVA in the capillary network in the primary epidermal lamellae
