The laboratory result is a function of many factors influencing the final value:
biological factors
pathological factors
factors in preanalytical stage
pathological, biological, preanalytical, analytical and post analytical factors
Which are the biological factors with permanent activity of the variation of the results:
sex, race
age
body construction
stress
Which of the following criteria are valid when to reject a spicimen as unacceptable for testing ?
Proper patient identification,storage and transport of samples to the laboratory
İmproper collection tube used, hemolyzed, lipemic,or icteric sample, blood clotted with anticoagulant, sample improperly transported
Carefully and strictly filled in examination form
Strict observation of procedures of venous puncture, urine colletion and collection of other biological samples
Mark the right answer for urine collection (diuresis)
collection after morning toilet
collection of the whole urine from the first to the last portion
the first portion is eliminated, the last is collected
urine collection till the vessel is full
Which of the following procedures is wrong?
conversation with the patient
selection of vein without hematoma and intravenous infusion
strangulation of the arm for a short time
tapping and massaging of the vein
Coagulation factors that obstruct the clot lyses are:
anti-fibrinolytic
profibrinolytics
procoagulants
anticoagulants
Which test can be used for control and treatment with direct anticoagulants (heparin)
APTT
Fibrinogen
Platelets(PLT)
PT
Creatine kinase (CK) is:
transferase
kinase
oxydoreductase
hydrolase
Investigation of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) is informative for:
transportation of amino groupies between alpha amino and alpha keto acid
catalyze transport of macroenergy phosphates
catalyse conversion piruvate-lactate
hydrolyze phosphate esters
When in healthy individuals there is a higher activity of MM-CK:
children
physical activity
postprandial
after alcohol consumption
Which of the following hormones take part in the group of insulin antagonists:
adrenaline
progesterone
aldosterone
parathormone
Diabetes mellitus is due to:
decreased amount in insulin antagonists
renal loos of glucose
low or missing level of insulin in blood
decreased gastro-intestinal resorbtion of glucose
In which type of diabetes the two hours postprandial test has higher diagnostic sensitivity than the measurement of the glucose at fasting:
type I
type II
diabetes in progress
decompensated diabetes
Fructosamine is used as a test for blood glucose concentration for past period of:
20 day
8-10 weeks
1 week
6 months
''Dysproteinmia'' is used to indicate:
hyperproteinemia
disturbed ration of protein fraction in electrophoresis
euproteinemia
hypoproteinemia
Which of the following laboratory parameters has better diagnostic reliability in evaluation of renal function?
urea
uric acid
creatinine
total protein
What is the transferrin:
reserve iron
main form for iron storage
individual protein for iron transport
functional ıron
What do you expect to be the level of ıron and FIBC(free ıron binding capacity) in malignant and infectious diseases:
low ıron,increased FIBC
decreased ıron, decreased FIBC
increased ıron, decreased FIBC
increased ıron, increased FIBC
In viral hepatitis what can you find in urine?
Bilirubin-positive, Urobilinogen-not increased
Bilirubin-negative, Urobilinogen-increased
Bilirubin-positive, urobilinogen-increased
The clinical reliability of laboratory results requires:
High clinical and analytical reliability
Variety of factors influencing the final value
Correct interpretation of laboratory parameters
Specific requirements for laboratory analysis
Blood with EDTA anticoagulant is used for the investigation of:
clinical-chemistry parameters
coagulation parameters
hematological parameters
heavy metals
Which of the following screening test shows the disturbance in extrinsic pathway of the first phase of coagulation:
TT
İn what cases in healthy individuals the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is over 1000 U/I:
in stress
What kind of test is LDH and HBDH in the acute myocardial infarction?
early
earliest
late
retrograde
What is the effect of somatotropin hormone one the glucose blood level:
decrease the glucose blood level
increases the glucose blood level
have no effect on the glucose blood level
the effect depends on the age
In which organs there is glycogen synthesis
central nervous system
muscles
erythrocytes
pancreas
Which of the following values of the blood glucose are in the pathological range in the postprandial test:
<7.7 mmol/I
7.78-9.99 mmol/I
>10.00 mmol/I
2.78-5.55 mmol/I
In which of the following diseases fasting glucose amount is over upper reference value:
Malabsorbtion
Insulinoma
Diabetes mellitus
Addison's disease
In serum of the newborn there are :
IgA, IgM, IgG
IgM, IgG
IgA, IgM
IgA, IgG
Blood urea is final product of :
metabolism of purine bases
metabolism of amino acid
metabolism of carbohydrates
metabolism of lipids
The reliable laboratory result
Is a real evaluation of the actual value of the examined parameters in biological fluids and tissues and it presents useful information
Depend on the proper and timely collection
Is a function of a variety of factors
Is helpful for correct interpretation of laboratory parameters
Which of the following rules is not valid when a biological materials is taken
to be taken in the morning fasting,after 12 hours fasting diet and 24 hours pause without alcohol and physical and physical peace
to be taken in a seated position and the form to be filled carefully and strictly
to be observed the procedures for taking, keeping and transport of biological material
the method for this test to be selected correctly
Blood with sodium citrate is used for the the investigation of:
For the qualitative investigation of urine is necessary:
first morning portion of urine, after toilet
diures for fixed time
to take the urine with catheter
to take the urine in fasting
Fibrinolysis is:
complicated, dynamic, self-regulating system
a process of coagulation
contraction of blood vessels with injury
a complex of processes which make possible lysis of the clot
What is the function of LDH enzyme:
catalyse conversion pyruvate-lactate
The CK activity must not investigated after:
Surgical intervention
Injection
Palpation of the glandulae prostate
X-ray
The lysis of the blood glucose is called:
ketonuria
glucosuria
gluconeogenesis
glycolysis
Which of the following methods is used for qualitative investigation of protein fractions:
immunoelectrophoresis
enzyme methods
electrophoresis
immunochemical methods
In hypertonic dehydration the values of Na and MCV must be as follows:
increased Na, decreased MCV
decreased Na, increased MCV
decreased Na, decreased MCV
increased Na, increased MCV
GGT is located in:
cell membrane
cytoplasm
mytochondrium
cytoplasm and mytochondrium
In which values of glucose-tolerance test is not disturbed:
at fasting, at 60 minutes, at 120 minutes are in the reference range
at fasting is in the reference range,at 60 minutes-in pathological range,at 120 minutes-boundary range
at 60 minutes and at 120 minutes >11.1 mmol/I
at 60 minutes <8.9 mmol/I,at 120 minutes <7.7 mmol/I
The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used as a test for blood glucose concentration for past period of
20 days
Which of the following clinical laboratory parameters is an early indicator of myocardial infarction
CK (creatine kinase)
MB-CK
Troponin
LDH, HBDH
Which laboratory parameters include the basic lipid profile?
Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol
Apolipoprotein A and Total Cholesterol
HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol
Total Protein and Albumin
What kind of biological materials do we use for clinical biochemistry analysis
EDTA plasma
Serum
Plasma with citrate
Plasma with Li heparin
Which is the biologically active form of Calcium in the blood circulation
Ionised Ca
Protein bound Ca
Ionised and protein bound Ca
Ceruloplasmin
What are the parameters included in the Complete blood count (CBC) test
RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC and ESR
RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC and Differential Count
RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC
ESR and Differential Count
What measure is the Differential count checking
distribution of WBC in %absolute count in peripheral blood
the maturation forms of WBC in %absolute count in peripheral blood
the morphology of RBC in peripheral blood
the distribution of WBC, RBC, PLT in %absolute count in peripheral blood
Microforms of the erythrocyte lineage are typical characteristics of
Megaloblastic anemia
Acute leukemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Chronic leukemia
Hemostasis is
Complicated, dynamic, self-regulating system
A process of coagulation
Contraction of blood vessels with injury
A complex of processes which make possible lysis of the clot
Which ONE of the following does NOT contribute to clot formation
Calcium
Thrombin
Tissue factor
Heparin
Which factors are involved in the extrinsic pathway?
Factors XII, XI, IX, VIII
Factors III, VII
Factors V, X, I, II, XIII
None of the above are correct
Which of the following values of the blood glucose are in the normal range in the postprandial test:
<7.7 mmol/l
7.78-9.99 mmol/l
>10.00 mmol/l
2.78-5.55 mmol/l
In serum during infection process the immunoglobulins increase in sequence as follows
IgM, IgA, IgG
IgG, IgA, IgM
IgA, IgG, IgM
Which are the more accurate laboratory markes of kidney function
Uremia
GFR and creatinine clearance
Uric acid
Ammonia
The recommended ranges desirable for Total Cholesterol (TC) are
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol: 3.4 mmol/l or less
High density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol: 1.2 mmol/l or more
Total cholesterol (TC)- 5.2 mmol/l or less
TC/HDL ratio: 4.5 or less. This reflects the fact that for any given total cholesterol level, the more HDL, the better
Coagulation factors that initiate the clot formation are
antifibrinolytics
Which ONE of the following about Hemophilia A is FALSE?
Haemophilia A is sex-linked
Haemophilia A is more common than Haemophilia B
Re-bleeding after 5 days from the injury is uncommon
Haemophilia A is caused by more than one genetic deficiency i.e. two individuals suffering from the disease may possess two different genetic mutations
The physician should always treat the patient even if bleeding is not physically detectable
Clots form to stop the "leakage" of blood from a damaged vessel. After the damaged vessel has healed, the clot is no longer needed and goes through a process of dissolution. Which of the following is involved in the dissolution of a clot?
Plasmin
Secondary hemostasis is also known as.
Enzyme release from endothelium
Coagulation of blood
Formation of platelet plug
Vascular spasm
Which Factors are involved in the intrinsic pathway?
Factors XII, XI, IX, VII
Factors lII, VII
Factors V, X, I, ll, XIII
None of the above is correct
The final phase of blood clotting is the interaction of with
VonWillebrand Factor, Factor VIII
Plasmin, Fibrin
Factor XIII, Fibrin
Thrombin, Fibrinogen
The fibrinolytic process is normally triggered by...
Fibrin
Endothelial cells
Thrombaxane
An excess of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor l (PAI-l) would likely result in
Excessive bleeding
Excessive thrombus formation
Excessive vasodilation
All the above
To examine the extrinsic pathway, which labs would be most helpful?
PT, INR
Bleeding Time
aPTT
Which of the following labs assesses the fibrinolytic system?
D-Dimers
To measure to conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, what lab would you use?
Differential Blood Count contains information about following white blood cell types:
Segmented Neutrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Plasmocytes, Basophils
Segmented Neutrophils, Monocytes, Erys
Neutrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils
Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Plasmocytes, Basophils, Erys. etc.
