Normal Values for Cardiac Index

Normal Values for Cardiac Output

Normal Values for CVP or Rt Atrial Pressure

Normal Values for Pulmonary Artery Pressure

Equation to calculate MAP

Equation for Cardiac Index

4 determinants for cardiac performance

Preload

Afterload

Equation for Stroke Volume

Equation for Ejection Fraction

End-Diastolic Volume

End Systolic Volume

Atrial Kick

Anrep Effect

Bowditch Effect

Arterial O2 Content Equation

Oxygen delivery equation

Oxygen Consumption Equation (VO2)

Normal Oxygen Delivery to consumption ratio

Causes of Right Shift (O2 unloading)

Causes of increase oxygen saturation in venous blood

Causes of decreased venous oxygen saturation

What factors can affect wedge pressure?

Where should a Swan-Ganz
Catheter be placed?

What to do if you develop hemoptysis after flushing a Swan Ganz catheter?

Absolute contraindications for swan ganz catheter placement

relative contraindication for placing a swan-ganz catheter

Swan Ganz Catheter distances to wedge
Rt SCV
Rt IJ
Lt SCV
Lt IJ

When should wedge pressure be measured?

What are the 2 primary determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption?

Normal range of Alveolar-arterial gradient

Blood with the lowest venous saturation

Blood with the highest venous saturation

Basic definition of shock

MCC of adrenal insufficiency

Acute Adrenal Insufficiency

Treatment for adrenal insufficiency

Steroid Potency
1x

Steroid Potency
5x

Steroid potency
30x

Neurogenic Shock
& treatment

Treatment for Cardiogenic Shock

Beck Triad

First sign of cardiac tamponade

Treatment of Cardiac Tamponade

Early Sepsis Triad

Early Gram Negative Sepsis

Late Gram Negative Sepsis

Neurohormonal Response to hypovolemia

Fat emboli

pulmonary emboli

Where PEs usually arise from

Air Emboli, what to do

How Intra-aortic balloon pump works

When to use IABP?

Where to place an IABP catheter tip

absolute contraindications for IABP

relative contraindications for IABP

alpha-1 receptors

alpha-2 receptors

beta-1 receptors

beta-2 receptors

dopamine receptors

Dopamine 2-5mcg/kg/min affects what

Dopamine 6-10mcg/kg/min affects what

Dopamine >10mcg/kg/min affects what

Dobutamine starts at what rate?
what does it affect?

Milrinone

Phenylephrine, intial dose and effects

Norepinephrine, starting dose and effects

Epinephrine
initial dose
effects of low dose vs high dose

Isoproterenol
initial dose and effects

side effects of isoproterenol

Vasopressin
V-1 receptors

Vasopressin
V-2 receptors (intrarenal)

Vasopressin
V-2 Receptors (extrarenal)

Nipride

Treatment for cyanide toxicity

Nitroglycerin

Hydralazine

Equation for pulmonary compliance

diseases in which pulmonary compliance is decreased

How aging affects lung function

V/Q ratio

With ventilation, how do you improve oxygenation?

On ventilator, how do you decrease CO2/improve ventilation?

Normal Weaning Parameters

Pressure support

Excessive PEEP complications

Total Lung Capacity

Forced Vital Capacity

Residual Volume

Tidal Volume

Functional Residual Capacity

Expiratory reserve volume

Inspiratory Capacity

FEV1

Minute ventilation

Restrictive Lung Disease effects on TLC, RV, FVC, FEV

Obstructive Lung Disease effects on TLC, RV, FEV1 and FVC

MCC of increased dead space

Other causes of increased dead space

What is a shunt? What causes it?

What is ARDS?

ARDS Criteria

Mendelson's Syndrome

MCC of hypoxia early post-op

Tx for atelectasis

How do patients develop fevers secondary to ateletasis?

Factors causing pulmonary vasodilation

Causes for pulmonary vasoconstriction

MCC of poor urine output post-op

MCC of post-operative renal failure

% of nephrons that need to be damaged to cause renal dysfunction

Best test to determine azotemia

Equation for FeNa

Prerenal RF Urine Osm, BUN:Cr, UNa, FeNa

Parenchymal RF Urine Osm, BUN:Cr, UNa, FeNa

Treatment for Oliguria

MCC of renal ATN

Causes of Post-renal Oliguria

Indications for Dialysis

How much does Hct increase per liter taken off during dialysis?

Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration (CVVH)

When is Renin Released?

Effects of Renin

Aldosterone

Effects of AngII

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

what part of the kidney controls GFR?

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Renal Toxic Drugs

How NSAIDs affect Kidneys

Aminoglycosides effects on kidneys

Mediators of SIRS

Causes of SIRS

Most important stimulus for SIRS

SIRS Criteria

Multisystem Organ Dysfunction

What must exist for 6-12 hours before someone is considered brain dead?

Results of EEG and MRA in brain dead person

Apnea test and brain death

Affinity to Hb, O2 vs CO

Abnormal levels of carboxyHb in smokers vs nonsmokers

Tx for methemoglobinemia

cyanide toxicity

treatment for cyanide toxicity

critical illness polyneuropathy

xanthine oxidase

ICU psychosis

MCC of delayed discharge after cardiac surgery