Judicially Protected Rights

When we identify Direct Effect?

Van Duyn
'Unconditional'

Van Duyn
Free Movement of Workers

Reyners v. Belgium
Freedom of establishment
(Permanent activity)

Reyners case - Freedom of Establishment
Negative obligations

Criteria for Direct Effect
Question of Justiciability

So who was held liable in Drefrenee v. Sabena?

So which are the important findings in Defrenne v. Sabena?

Problems if Directives had Direct Effect.

Problems if Directives had Direct Effect.

Problems if Directives had Direct Effect.

Limitations of Indirect Effect.

Incidental effects or Triangular Situations
(Definition)

Case C-194/94 CIA Security

Wells Case
- Environmental Assessment

Case C-443/98 Unilever Italia
characteristics required of a product, including the requirements applicable to the product as regards labeling (technical standarts)