Hindsight bias

"i knew it all along "
we believe after finding the outcome that we already knew that

Over confidence

we think we know more than we do
ex: people think they can unscramble the word "water" in 10 sec but can not

Pseudoscience

beliefs that seem to be related

Confirmation Bias

have a preconceived notion reject all evidence that disproves accepting all info that agrees
ex: this is what i do with lab reports with background information

Scientific attitude

made from curiosity (want to discover and know) skepticism ( questioning) and humility (know when you are wrong)

Critical Thinking

does not blindly accept conclusions
examines everything to assess conclusion
if given statistics "1 in every 3 teens were less intelligent****

Scientific Method

use to construct theories that organize, summarize, and simplify observations
used so that at the end it can be concluded that it makes sense or does not make sense

Theory

explanation that organizes and predict behaviors

highly researched
example: theory of evolution

Hypothesis

testable prediction
comes from theory allows us to accept reject or revise theory
statement of a relationship between two variables

Research Observations
Research: application of hypothesis through observation and manipulation variables (approves or disproves theory)
Operational: specific definition of variable being observed so it is measurable and manageable
ex: what could an operational definition of happiness, popularity (can be measured by self only truly)
the inability to truly measure things like happiness allows scientists to replicate similar studies to further prove or disprove
needs to be replicated and to replicate you need operational def so it is measured the same

Research Process
1) theories    ex: low self esteem feeds depression
2) Hypothesis    ex: people with low self esteem will score higher on depression scale
3) Research and observations    ex: administer test of low self esteem and depression, see if low score on one predicts a high score of another

	Criado por Mia Rotatori quase 6 anos atrás

Thinking Critically with Psychological Science