The term______ refers to the large intestine.
gastric
enteric
colonic
temporal
The term_______ refers to the stomach.
The term ________ refers to the small intestine.
The term __________ refers to the colon.
The ________ cranial nerve carries parasympathetic impulses from the brain to a wide variety of thoracic and abdominal organs.
trigeminal
brachial
sciatic
vagus
Drugs that mimic the neurotransmitter acetylcholine produce affects like the parasympathetic nervous system and are called _________________.
parasympathomimetics
sympathomimetics
parasympatholytics
sympatholytics
A ___________ drug produces vomiting needed to remove a toxic substance from the GI tract.
emetic
eructic
paraemetic
A specialized cluster of receptors called the chemorecreptor trigger zone (CRTZ or CTZ) are
a cluster of receptors that can stimulate vomiting.
adjacent to the emetic center in the brain.
constantly monitor the blood and CSF for chemicals that stimulate vomiting
All of the above
Emetics must be used after their risk-to-benefit ratio has been calculated. Which of the following is not a consideration in this calculation?
Caustic nature of the materials ingested
Consciousness level of the patient
Influence of drugs given on the gag reflex
Age of the patient
Hydrogen peroxide 3% is used as a local emetic for dogs because it acts
upon the CRTZ.
as a GI irritant.
upon the emotional center.
upon the Central emesis center.
For metoclopramide all of the following are true, but
it is a broad spectrum centrally acting antiemetic.
it has local antiemetic activity.
it is known by the trade name Reglan.
it is more effective in cats than dogs.
Osmotic or malabsorptive diarrhea can be caused by all but
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).
laxative drugs.
undigested food.
bacterial toxins.
All of the following are characteristics of activated charcoal except
black colored and messy.
ineffective for alcohol poisoning.
ineffective for lead poisoning.
works by adsorbing toxins.
Which of the following pairs are types of cathartic medications?
Emollient and Bulk
Osmotic and Irritant
Purgative and Bulk
Central and Peripheral
H2 blockers provide relief to animals with gastric upset by functioning to
convert two hydrogen ions to H2.
bind to opioid receptors in the stomach.
increasing the release of HCl in the stomach.
prevent histamine receptor activation.
Which drug is classified as a gastroprotectant, meaning it coats sites of ulcerated gastric mucosa and protects them from further damage?
Ranitidine
Sucralfate
Omeprazole
Misoprostal
Magnesium chloride
What time of the year should clinics make sure they are stocked up on antibloat medication such as poloxalene?
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
What is the drug of choice to treat both anaerobic bacterial enteritis and giardiasis in companion animals?
Penicillin
Cephalexin
Metronidazole
Sulfasalazine
Metaclopramide
What is the name of the medication that is both an antibiotic as well as an anti-inflammatory?
Metoclopramide
Which of the following enzymes is not involved in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)?
Lipase
Amylase
Lactase
Protease
Which statement is false concerning the use of enzyme supplementation to treat exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)?
Tablet forms of the supplement should not be broken
The stomach’s acidic pH inactivates many enzymes
Pancreatic lipase effectively digests fats outside of the body
Supplements are often mixed in food before feeding
Because of lack of regulation, supplements may contain varying amounts of drug
What is a reason why many practitioners are reluctant to use glucocorticoids to treat gastrointestinal inflammation?
Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatories
Glucocorticoids increase gastric pH by decreasing stomach acid
Glucocorticoids hasten gastric healing
Glucocorticoids impair immune function
Secretory Excretory( Secretory, Excretory ) diarrhea can be caused by bacterial enterotoxins
Excretory Secretory( Excretory, Secretory ) diarrhea is caused by inflammation or damage to the intestinal wall
Parvo virus can cause Excretory Secretory( Excretory, Secretory ) diarrhea
Excretory Secretory( Excretory, Secretory ) diarrhea is transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs
Both Increases in and decreases in GI motility can lead to diarrhea
Diarrhea can result from an increase or decrease in muscle tone within the GI tract
