Bactericidal antibacterial drugs:
inhibit the growth of microorganisms
inhibit the multiplication of microorganisms
kill the microorganisms
block the enzyme penicillinase
Antimicrobials with bactericidal activity are:
beta-lactam antibiotics
amphenicols and lincosamides
aminoglycosides
quinolones
Bacteriostatic action means:
inhibition of the growth of microorganisms
inhibition of the multiplication of microorganisms
destruction of microorganisms
inhibition of the enzyme penicillinase
Bacteriostatic antimicrobials are:
amphenicols
tetracyclines and macroiides
lincosamides
Narrow spectrum antimicrobial drugs are active against:
Gram (+) cocci
Gram (+) bacteria
Fungi and viruses
Parasites
Antimicrobials with a narrow spectrum of activity are:
classic penicillins
classic macrolides
Antimicrobials with broad spectrum of activity are:
cephalosporins
aminopenicilins
rifamycins
Antimicrobials that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis are:
penicillins
monobactams
tetracyclines
Antimicrobial that inhibit protein synthesis in microorganisms are:
macrolldes
carbapenems
Antibiotics that inhibit DNA synthesis in microorganisms are
macrolides
rifampicin
Antibiotics that must be avoided during pregnancy are:
Antimicrobial agents with urine excretion are:
Antimicrobial agents with bile excretion are:
sulfonamides
Optimal combinations of antimicrobial agents are:
bactericidal antibiotics with bactericidal antibiotics
tetracyclines with macrolides
bactericidal antibiotics with bacteriostatic antibiotics
penicillins with B-lactamase inhibitors
Tetracyclines
are bactericidal
ae bacterostatic
accumulate in tissues- in bones and teeth
are effective against rickettsiae, mycoplasma, chlamydia
Which foods and drugs interact with tetracyclines' gastrointestinal absorption?
Vitamin B1
Yogurt or Cheese
Fe2+ or Mg2+ containing drugs
Aminoglycosides
Adverse drug reactions of tetracyclines are:
nephro-and ototoxicity
hepatotoxicity
yellow-brown discoloration of teeth and frequent tooth decay in children
inhibition of bone growth in children
Tetracyclines are contraindicated in:
pregnancy
children less than 8 years
liver failure
heart failure
Macrolide antibiotics are:
Azithromycin (Azatril)
Roxithromycin (Rulid)
Clarithroomycin (Klacid)
Gentamycin
Macrolides are:
bactericidal
bacteriostatic
inhibitors of methylxanthines’ metabolism
effective against mycoplasmas, Legionella, Chlamydia
Adverse drug reactions of macrolides include:
gastrointestinal disturbances
allergy
nephrotoxicity
Macrolides are contraindicated in:
Pregnancy in the first half
G-6-PDH deficiency
Liver failure
Breastfeeding
Lincosamides:
are bacteriostatic antibiotics
are appropriate for the treatment of staphylococcal osteomyelitis
can be hepato- and haematotoxic
accumulate in the bone marrow
Lincosamides are contraindicated in:
children less than 2 years
Chloramphenicol:
is a bactericidal antibiotic
is effective against Gram (-) microorganisms
is a tetracycline derivative
inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme
The correct statements for Chloramphenicol are:
It is used as a reserve antibiotic because of many ADRs
Causes gastrointestinal disbacteriosis
Can be administered orally
It Is used for the treatment of tuberculosis
Adverse drug reactions of Chloramphenicol are:
damage of teeth enamel
"gray baby" syndrome
disulfiram- alcohol reaction
bone marrow supression (myelotoxicity)
Chloramphenicol is contraindicated in:
Pregnancy
Children less than 2 years
Alcoholism
Beta-lactam antibiotics are
Narrow spectrum (classic) penicillins are:
Amoxicillin
Benzylpeniciliin (Penicilin G)
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Ospen)
Oxacillin
Broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillins are:
Amoxicillin (Amopen)
Ampicillin
Azlocillin
Adverse drug reactions of penicillins are:
allergic reactions
anaphylactic shock
disbactenosrs (for orally administered broad-spectrum penicillins)
Penicillins and cephalosporins block the synthesis of:
the bacterial cell wall
the bacterial membrane
proteins
nucleic acids
Cephalosporins 1st generation are:
More effective against Gram (+) microorganisms
Cefalexin and Cefazolin
Bacteriostatic
Some agents are nephrotoxic
Cephalosporins 2nd generation are:
Bactericidal
Cefaclor and Cefamandol
More effective against Gram (-) organisms: Klebsiella, H. lnfluenzae
With high bile concentrations (most of them)
Cephalosporins 3rd generation are:
Cefetamet and Ceftriaxon
More effective against Gram (-) microorganisms
Used for treatment of life-threatening infections
Cephalosporins 4th generation are:
Cefepim and Cefpifom
Narrow spectrum antibiotics
Effective against Gram (-) microorganisms as 3rd generation and against Gram (+) as 1st generation cephalosporins
Adverse drug reactions of cephalosporins are:
suppressed vitamin K synthesis
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
Gentamaicin
Amoxiclav
Amikacin
Tobramycin
The correct statements of aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
they block protein synthesis and are bactericidal
they accumulate in soft tissues and bones
they are administrated orally for treatment of urinary infections
they are effective against Gram (-) microorganisms
Adverse drug reactions of aminoglycosides are:
ototoxicity
myelotoxlcity
hepatotoxiclty
Aminoglycosides are contraindicated in:
renal failure
