Perms and Relaxers

Sodium hydroxide relaxers are also known as:
a. lye relaxers
b. thio relaxers
c. no-lye relaxers
d. base chemical realxers

Which of the following is NOT a step taken when performing a virgin sodium hydroxide relaxer service?
a. perform a strand test
b. perform a periodic comb test
c. pre-shampoo the client's hair
d. follow the service with a neutralizing shampoo

An acid-balanced neutralizing shampoo or stabilizer is used after the hair is free of chemicals to:
a. smooth the hair
b. loosen the shape
c. condition the hair
d. reharden the hair

The primary method for applying the relaxer chemical is with a:
a. clip
b. brush
c. spatula
d. spray bottle

Hair wound on rods with too much tension may cause which of the following:
a. lighter hair color
b. unpleasant odor
c. darker hair color
d. breakage or dryness

What does the porosity of the hair affect when working with a chemical relaxer?
a. elasticity
b. the hairstyle
c. processing time
d. the type of relaxer

Which of the following tests should be performed during a relaxer technique to determine if the proper amount of relaxation has occurred?
a. comb test
b. strand test
c. metallic salt test
d. preliminary strand test

A sodium hydroxide relaxer service should not be performed on which of the following hair conditions?
a. hair that is short
b. fine textured hair
c. extremely curly hair
d. hair that has been bleached

What is the range of pH for alkaline waves?
a. 3.0 to 4.5
b. 5.0 to 6.5
c. 6.9 to 7.2
d. 8.0 to 9.5

Which of the following could describe what determines the processing time and proper perm solution?
a. client's growth pattern
b. client's natural hair color
c. the size of the applicator bottle
d. the texture, elasticity, and porosity of the client's hair

Proper draping procedures for chemical services accomplish all of the following EXCEPT:
a. preventing burns
b. preventing skin irritation
c. protecting the client's clothing
d. place cape between client and the chair back

To equalize the porosity of highly porous hair, it may be necessary to use which of the following products?
a. pre-wrap product
b. disulfide product
c. strong shampoo product
d. sodium hydroxide product

A pull test is performed to check for which of the following?
a. porosity
b. melanin
c. elasticity
d. brittleness

What could be the cause of a perm not lasting as long as expected?
a. overprocessing
b. uneven distribution
c. excessive stretching.
d. incomplete neutralizing

Super strength relaxer is used for which of the following hair conditions?
a. fine, porous hair
b. color-treated hair
c. curly-to-medium textured hair
d. tightly curled, coarse-textured hair

What is used to protect the scalp and hairline from the sodium hydroxide relaxer product?
a. sealer
b. conditioner
c. hand lotion
d. base cream

If curl reforming is desired, cut off all hair previously treated with which of the following?
a. peroxide
b. sodium hydroxide
c. ammonium thioglycolate
d. glycerol monothioglycolate

In alkaline waves, the perm solution chemically breaks or reduces the:
a. porosity of the hair
b. medulla of the hair
c. strong disulfide bonds
d. color molecules in the hair

When performing a curl reformation service, the rod diameter chosen should be at least how many times larger than the diameter of the natural curl pattern?
a. two
b. four
c. six
d. ten

When performing a chemical relaxer procedure on porous hair, choose a product labeled:
a. mild
b. regular
c. super
d. extreme

What ingredient in color products could cause uneven curls, discoloration and hair breakage?
a. red dye
b. metallic salt
c. oxidative color
d. nonoxidative color

What is the shape of a tightly curled hair follicle?
a. oval
b. round
c. straight
d. elliptical

In the perm procedure, proper end paper techniques will eliminate crimps or:
a. bevels in the hair
b. spirals in the hair
c. beads on the ends of the hair
d. fishhooks on the ends of the hair

Which of the following descriptions does NOT identify a step involved in a thermal reconditioning?
a. straighten the hair using a flat iron
b. neutralize the hair with a designated product
c. reform to produce a new curl pattern around perm tools
d. relax the hair with an ammonium thioglycolate-based product

On-base control is not recommended for alkaline perms since expansion is limited at the base and:
a. chemicals weaken the curl
b. causes a crease in the hair
c. chemicals increase dryness
d. tension may cause breakage

What is used to protect the scalp and hairline from caustic chemicals?
a. sealer
b. conditioner
c. hand lotion
d. base cream

The chemical phase of perms involves all of the following EXCEPT:
a. applying neutralizer
b. applying perm solution
c. wrapping hair around the perm tool
d. rinsing the perm solution from the hair

The hair's ability to stretch and return to its original shape is called:
a. texture
b. density
c. porosity
d. elasticity

The main ingredient found in an acid wave is:
a. sodium hydroxide
b. calcium hydroxide
c. potassium hydroxide
d. glycerol monothioglycolate

Which of the following steps may be required when perming resistant hair?
a. pre-lightening
b. longer processing time
c. longer neutralizing time
d. shorter processing time

Which of the following descriptions does NOT identify the meaning of porosity?
a. the hair's ability to stretch
b. the hair's ability to retain liquids
c. the hair's ability to absorb liquids
d. the hair's ability to absorb perming solution

What determines the size and shape of the new curl configuration?
a. hair color
b. perm solution
c. perm rod size
d. neutralizing solution

The function of a curl activator is to provide moisture and:
a. prevent frizziness
b. further straighten hair
c. protect the hairline
d. help retain shape of a new curl configuration

Alkaline perms produce faster processing times and:
a. more shine
b. better color
c. stronger curl
d. less curl consistency

The two wrapping techniques for perming are called the overlap (croquignole) and :
a. spiral
b. convex
c. concave
d. endpaper

A neutralizer rebonds and restores the disulfide bonds in addition to which of the following?
a. increases the swelling in the cortex
b. softens the bonds in the new shape.
c. reduces the swelling cause by the alkalinity
d. increases the rate at which the perm solution absorbs into the hair

Hair density does not always correspond to which of the following?
a. color
b. texture
c. porosity
d. elasticity

During a chemical relaxer procedure, if the hair is tested with the back of the comb and there is a minimal amount of indentation, or fi the curl pattern reverts or beads, what step may be required?
a. blotting the hair
b. rinsing immediately
c. applying neutralizer
d. additional smoothing

When using the double paper technique the first end paper is positioned under the strand past the ends of the hair, and the second paper is placed on top of the strand and:
a. near the scalp
b. next to the scalp
c. slightly past the first end paper
d. lined up exactly with the bottom paper

One cause of breakage in the nape after a relaxer service is due to:
a. improper rinsing
b. lack of sensitivity
c. improper formulation
d. insufficient moisture content

Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. hair that has been colored cannot be permed
b. avoid perming damaged hair that shows breakage
c. do not perm hair if there are scalp abrasions present
d. never perm hair that has been treated with sodium hydroxide

Why should brushing the hair before any chemical service be avoided?
a. prevents scalp irritations
b. increases static electricity
c. causes the cuticle to flatten
d. increases excretion of sebum

The more porous the hair is:
a. the more elastic it is
b. the more coarse it is
c. the less resistant it is to absorbing perm solution
d. the more resistant it is to absorbing per solution

Which of the following is NOT true about acid perms?
a. better for fragile hair
b. slower processing time
c. creates soft, natural curls
d. better for use on resistant hair

After completing a service it is important to update the client's:
a. record card
b. release form
c. consultation form
d. home care products

To protect previously treated hair from the chemical product when performing a relaxer retouch service, what should be applied?
a. powder
b. alkaline product
c. protective cream
d. neutralizing product

Before perming, determine if the hair has been tinted, bleached, highlighted/frosted or:
a. conditioned
b. set in pincurls
c. previously permed
d. cut in the past month

Water left in the end papers after rinsing the perm solution will dilute the neutralizer and:
a. crimp the curl ends
b. weaken the curl formation
c. create a crease in the hair
d. cause the curl to be tighter

The alkalinity of cold waves causes the hair fiber to soften and:
a. swell
b. shrink
c. become brittle
d. become acidic

Which of the following descriptions identifies the end paper placement for the bookend technique used during perm wrapping?
a. one end paper on top
b. one end paper folded in half
c. two end papers folded in half
d. two end papers, one on top and one on the bottom

WHich tool position results in no curl at the scalp and minimal degree of volume?
a. on base
b. off base
c. half-off base
d. underdirected

Prior to performing a preliminary test curl, hair should be shampooed and:
a. left wet
b. air dried
c. thermally dried
d. gently towel-dried

Overprocessed hair could be indicated by hair that is:
a. oily
b. shiny
c. curly when wet and frizzy when dry
d. frizzy when wet and curly when dry

How far from the scalp should a virgin relaxer be applied?
a. 1/4" to 1/2"
b. 3/4" to 1"
c. 1 1/4" to 1 1/2"
d. 1 3/4" to 2 1/2"

Virgin relaxers may be applied away from the scalp because body heat will:
a. cause it to melt
b. cause it to harden
c. diffuse it throughout the air
d. allow it to spread upward towards the scalp

With concave rods the hair on both ends must travel farther than the hair in the center to make one complete turn around the rod, creating a:
a. larger, looser curl in the center
b. narrow curl throughout the strand
c. consistent curl throughout the strand
d. wider and more spiraling pattern on the ends

What should be applied to the hair to restore protein or moisture lost during a chemical process?
a. mousse
b. cholesterol
c. harrier cream
d. protein and/or moisturizing conditioner

When performing a alkaline wave on a client, thioglycolate is joined with what ingredient to create a waving lotion?
a. ammonia
b. sodium bromate
c. sodium hydroxide
d. hydrogen peroxide

Virgin thio relaxers may be applied after all of the following EXCEPT:
a. a light shampoo
b. a vigorous shampoo
c. an analysis of hair and scalp
b. a strand test and a n elasticity test

Skipping rods when applying perm solution could cause:
a. breakage
b. frizziness
c. loss of all curl
d. inconsistent curl formation

Zonal patterns, or partial patterns, are designed to:
a. curl only the ends
b. produce only weak ends
c. avoid splits in a final design
d. position new texture only where it is desired

What is the most likely cause of under-processed hair?
a. rodes too small for the desired curl
b. hair wrapped to tightly around rods
c. perm solution left on the hair too long
d. perm solution not left on the hair long enough

Which of the following chemicals is NOT one of the main ingredients found in most neutralizers?
a. potassium
b. sodium bromate
c. sodium perborate
d. hydrogen peroxide

Which of the following conditions determines the processing time and proper relaxer strength to use?
a. natural hair color
b. length of the hair
c. how soon hair will be cut
d. texture, elasticity and porosity

Which of the following descriptions is NOT a basic relaxer service?
a. acid
b. virgin
c. zonal
d. curl diffusion

What product should NOT be applied to hair that has been previously permed with ammonium thioglycolate?
a. neutralizer
b. conditioner
c. metallic salts
d. sodim hydroxide

During a curl reforming service, what size parting should be used?
a. wider than normal
b. thinner than normal
c. twice as wide as normal
d. three times as wide as normal

Which type of perm rod would be used to achieve uniform curls?
a. curved
b. convex
c. straight
d. concave

When performing a metallic test, immerse at least 20 strands of hair in the prepared mixture for:
a. 5 minutes
b. 10 minutes
c. 15 minutes
d. 30 minutes

In addition to tension and perm solution what do acid waves use to perform the processing action?
a. heat
b. cold
c. drying
d. alkalininity

To create the most volume, which tool position should be used?
a. on base
b. off base
c. half-off base
d. underdirected

Which relaxer strength would be sued on healthy, color-treated, fine-textured or porous hair?
a. mild
b. super
c. regular
d. resistant

What could be the cause of weak or limp curls?
a. client's mood
b. overprocessing
c. under-processing
d. using rods that are too small

Rearrangers are used during a curl reformation process to reduce the natural curl. What is the main ingredient found in rearrangers?
a. hydrogen peroxide
b. sodium hydroxide
c. ammonium thioglycolate
d. glycerol monothioglycolate

Hair is generally referred to as fine, medium or coarse when analyzing which of the following classifications?
a. texture
b. density
c. porosity
d. elasticity

If perm solution come in contact with the client's eyes or skin, which of the following actions should be taken?
a. cover the eye with a bandage
b. rinse thoroughly with hot water
c. rinse thoroughly with cool water
d. cover the eye with a warm towel

What is applied to a client's hairline prior to a perm service to protect the skin?
a. ammonia
b. neutralizer
c. perm solution
d. barrier (protective) cream

The size of the base and the angle at which the hair is projected while wrapping determined the:
a. roller size
b. base control
c. tool position
d. curl formation

What is the optimum percent of natural curl pattern to remove when relaxing?
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 85%

The type of relaxer service performed only in selected areas of the head is known as a retouch relaxer service.
True or False

It is not necessary to blot the hair after rinsing and before neutralizing because the excess water left in the strands helps with the neutralizing process.
True or False

The perm pattern that positions tools in a staggered configuration to help avoid splits between the bases is the contour pattern.
True or False

The chemical phase of relaxing consists of smoothing/combing the hair and timing and testing the process.
True or False

The most commonly used base control is on base.
True or False

Base control depends largely on the size of the base in relation to the diameter of the tool, and to the position of the tool in relation to the base.
True or False

Texture and lift only at the base of the hair strand can be achieved through base perming.
True or False

Compression bases are smaller than 2x and the perm tool is positioned within the base.
True or False

The two major steps of the chemical phase of perming are processing and distributing.
True or False

The two major types of relaxer chemicals are sodium hydroxide and ammonium thioglycolate.
True or False

Alkaline perms are applied without heat.
True or False

During a virgin thermal reconditioning service, the product is applied 1/8th of an inch (.3 cm) from the scalp area.
True or False

When performing a test for metallic salts, if the hair strands lighten quickly , the the hair contains lead.
True or False

To create strong wave patterns, use an alternating oblong perm pattern.
True or False

Density refers to the number of hair follicles per square inch.
True or False

With half-off base control, the perm tool will be positioned half on its base and half off its base, directly on the lower parting.
True or False

The more porous the hair, the more resistant it is to absorb the perm solution.
True or False

The most common type of end paper technique is the single-paper technique.
True or False

Concave perm rods produce curls or waves that are uniform throughout the hair strands.
True or False

Spreading the chemical relaxer through the hair with the spine or back of a comb as it processes is called smoothing.
True or False

Elasticity refers to the ability of the hair to absorb moisture, liquids or chemicals.
True or False

During a curl reformation procedure, in order to reduce the hair's natural curl, a perm solution is applied to the hair.
True or False

To perform the croquignole technique, the hair is rotated around a tool from the ends of the hair straight up to the base, overlapping itself with each revolution.
True or False

The length of the base is usually determined by the diameter of the perm tool being used.
True or False

Heat is sometimes required for alkaline perms, but generally not for acid perms.
True or False

Clients with wavy hair have an oval-shaped hair follicle.
True or False

A virgin relaxer service is performed on natural, untreated hair and will straighten the hair form 85% to 100% of the original curl pattern.
True or False

Refer to pg 15 in Perms and relaxer chapter for image questions