Sexually transmitted diseases can generally also be transmitted via inanimate objects.
The normal vaginal pH is between 4-4.5 8-8.5 6.5-7.5 13-13.5( 4-4.5, 8-8.5, 6.5-7.5, 13-13.5 )
Which of the three following organisms are commensal bacteria in the vagina?
Group B Streptococcus
Group C Streptococcus
Strep Viridans
Staph Aureus
Candida
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Haemophilus Influenzae
The most common type off Candida is called Candida
Candida Albicans is more less( more, less ) responsive to treatment than non-candida albicans
Non-Candida Albicans Candida Albicans( Non-Candida Albicans, Candida Albicans ) is rare and usually found in immunosuppressed people
Poorly controlled diabetes hypertension renal impairment hyperthyroidism( diabetes, hypertension, renal impairment, hyperthyroidism ) is a significant risk factor for symptomatic candida albicans infection.
Candida Albicans is not is( is not, is ) typically spread via sexual contact; it is not is( is not, is ) an STI
An uncomplicated Candida Albicans infection should be treated with an antifungal called in the form of a cream to be applied internally.
Which type of anaerobic gram positive bacteria, rife in the vagina, utilise glycogen in order to produce lactic acid thus protecting against the growth of infective organisms in the vagina? bacteria
is a disease of the vagina caused by excessive growth of its commensal bacteria.
Bacterial Vaginosis is not considered an STI however is more frequently found in women who are sexually active.
What is the most common bacterial STI in the UK?
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Bacterial Vaginosis
Genital Herpes
Syphilis
If a doctor suspected a vaginal infection due to 'a positive whiff test', which infection is most likely present?
Presentations of Vaginal Infections: ❌ = White creamy discharge often giving off a potent 'fishy' smell ❌ = Usually asymptomatic ❌ = Thin, purulent, yellowish discharge ❌ = Present with a painless ulcer known as a chancre
In the whiff test for bacterial vaginosis, 10% solution of which chemical is added to increase the potency of the smell?
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Hydroxide
Potassium Sulphate
Potassium Iodide
Bacterial Vaginosis is mainly associated with which pathogen?
Gardnerella Vaginalis
Peptostreptococcus Anaerobius
Fusobacterium Nucleatum
Fusobacterium Necrophorum
As Bacterial Vaginosis is a anaerobic infection, it is usually treated using which drug?
Chlamydia has 3 serological groupings: Serovars A-C = ❌ Serovars D-K = ❌ Serovars L1-L3 = ❌
The treatment plan for Chlamydia infections is 100mg twice daily for days
Upon gram staining, chlamydia is typically found to be gram positive.
Testing for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea is done using the same clinical testing. Which 2 of the following investigative modalities are most commonly utilised for these infections?
Combined Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)
Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing (PCR)
Bacterial Culture testing
Blood testing
Viral Antigen Detection testing (VAD)
Males being tested for chlamydia & gonorrhoea have their first-pass urine mid-stream urine( first-pass urine, mid-stream urine ) tested. Females being tested for chlamydia & gonorrhoea will have a vulvo-vaginal swab their blood a mid stream urine sample( a vulvo-vaginal swab, their blood, a mid stream urine sample ) taken.
Intensely itchy white vaginal discharge tends to be indicative of ...
Candida Albicans Infection
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infection
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection
Neisseria Gonorrhoea is a gram negative positive( negative, positive ) intracellular extracellular( intracellular, extracellular ) diplococcus
Chlamydia Trachomatis infection is much more common than Neisseria Gonorrhoeae infection.
Neisseria Gonorrhoea infection of the pharynx is common is women and MSM and is almost always asymptomatic.
All patients with Gonorrhoea infection are now treated in secondary care due to the high incidence of antibiotic resistance. They are treated with intramuscular intravenous oral subcutaneous( intramuscular, intravenous, oral, subcutaneous ) Ceftriaxone Azithromycin Ciprofloxacin( Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin )
Infection of the prostate (prostatitis) can occur in women and MSM. This typically presents with the same symptoms as a UTI. This is is typically treated by a four week course of the drug Ciprofloxacin Ceftriaxone Trimethoprim( Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Trimethoprim )
In terms of Syphilis, when the chancre heals this means that the syphilis has cleared and there is no longer an infection present.
Tenesmus (and bloody diarrhoea) alongside symptoms of an STI is typically indicative of ...
Lymphogranuloma Venereum Chlamydia infection
Syphilis infection
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae infection
Serological tests for Syphilis: ❌ = Positive for syphilis infection, however not useful in monitoring therapy ❌ = Indicate tissue inflammation, useful for monitoring response to therapy. Usually become negative following syphilis treatment
Serological tests for Syphilis: Specific Tests = ❌ Non-Specific Tests = ❌
IgM & IgG ELISA TPPA TPHA TPPA & TPHA( IgM & IgG ELISA, TPPA, TPHA, TPPA & TPHA ) testing is used as the screening test for syphilis and provides a good indicator of early disease.
Of the two immunoglobulins in the ELISA syphilis test, IgM IgG( IgM, IgG ) is the good indicator for early disease
Syphilis infection is typically treated by Penicillin G Penicillin D Penicillin V( Penicillin G, Penicillin D, Penicillin V )
Genital Herpes tends to be caused by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 1( 2, 1 )
A person presenting with shallow ulcers around the vagina which are excruciatingly sore are likely to have which of the following conditions?
Chlamydia Trachomatis infection
Neisseria Gonorrhoea infection
Trichomonas Vaginalis
The best investigative test for genital herpes is viral PCR viral culture NAAT testing( viral PCR, viral culture, NAAT testing )
Pubic lice cause the pubic hair on the mons pubis to become intensely itchy. It is typically treated with lotion
