All of the water at or near the surface of the earth is called the
Lithosphere
Atmosphere
Asthenosphere
Hydrosphere
Most of the water on earth is located in
glaciers
lakes
oceans
groundwater
What is not a part of the hydrologic cycle
transpiration
precipitation
evaporation
elevation
A region from which a stream draws water is called
drainage basin
watershed
pool
a watershed and a drainage basin are the same thing dumbass you aint slick
Which statement is correct
Velocity of a stream equals discharge times are (V = D x A)
Discharge of a stream equals velocity times are (D = V x A)
Area of a stream equals discharge times velocity (A = D x V)
none of these
Fine, light sediment carried along in a stream is called _____________ load
suspended
dissolved
traction
saltation
A stream pattern that develops on relatively uniform bedrock is called
rectangular
radial
dendritic
trellis
The method in which boulders and pebbles roll or bounce along a stream bottom is called
both traction and saltation
The lowest level to which a stream has eroded is called
ground level
floor level
base level
final level
Fine grained, well sorted stream sediment would typically be found
upstream close to a stream source
downstream far from the stream source
at the base of a waterfall
A mature stream
has many meanders and a narrow floodplain
has many meanders and a wide floodplain
has few meanders and a narrow floodplain
has few meanders and a wide floodplain
An outside bend in a stream where water flows faster, erodes the riverbank, and has a deeper channel is called a
point bar
meander
cut bank
levee
an inside bend in a stream where water flows slower allowing sediment to build the river bank and has a shallow channel is called a
Braided streams have
more sediment load than meandering streams
more stable banks than meandering streams
finer grained sediment than meandering streams
lower discharge variability than meandering streams
Stream hydrographs measure stream discharge at a point in time
Flood frequency curves
are not useful in determining flood frequency of a stream
provide long term flood frequency records although few long term records exist
plot discharge versus stream height
Asphalt and concrete surfaces reduce infiltration of water into the ground contributing to more water runoff into streams
Placing buildings and fill dirt in a floodplain reduces the volume of space that the stream could occupy and increases the chances of a major flood
Vegetation loss near a stream contributes too
less water entering a stream
more soil being washed into a stream causing "silt up" of the stream
increased likelihood of flooding due to a decreased ability of the stream to carry water away
Both long answers (not less water entering a stream)
Flood hazard reduction strategies
reducing regulations on land use zoning
removal of retention pond use in new subdivisions
using diversion channels to divert water away from an area or using channelization to widen or deepen the existing channel
reducing funds for dam and levee maintenance projects
The proportion of void space in a material compared to the entire volume of the material is
porosity
permeability
hydraulic conductivity
pore throat
Which unconsolidated sediment will have the lowest porosity?
well sorted gravel
poorly sorted gravel
poorly sorted sand
well sorted clay
Which consolidated rock will have the lowest porosity?
highly fractured basalt
sandstone
shale
dense crystalline rock
A measurement of how readily a fluid passes through a material is called
fluidty
passivity
Which unconsolidated sediment will have the lowest permeability?
Which consolidated rock will have the lowest permeability?
Watered stored in the subsurface and transmitted at rates sufficient enough to be useful is called
aquitard
aquifer
aqueduct
*Know the practice diagram of water tables and aquifers we did in class* (she asked five questions on it on this quiz)
Darcy's Law represents discharge of groundwater and has the equation Q=KA/(difference in hydraulic head(h)/distance between two wells(l)) What is the discharge of groundwater in a highly dissolved limestone squifer with the following properties
K = 1 m/s A = 40 m^3 h = 2 m l = 40 m
q = 20 m^3/s
q = 2 m^3/s
q = 40 m^3/s
q = 4 m^3/s
Groundwater flows from areas of high hydraulic head to areas of low hydraulic head. The greater the difference between hydraulic head elevations, the greater the hydraulic gradient will be between two areas
Pumping water from the ground to the surgace may result in
a cone of depression
lowering of the water table
land subsidence
all of these
What type of source pollutant is released from a readily identifiable source (sewer outlet,steel mill, septic tank)
point source pollutant
non-point source pollutant
both
neither
What type of source pollution is released from a more diffuse location and could create an algal blooms in Lake Erie
What type of pollution is carbon based and created from living or once living things (both animals and plants) or their byproducts
organic pollution
inorganic pollution
metal pollution
sediment pollution
What stream zone has high dissolved oxygen levels and healthy aquatic populations?
clean zone
decomposition zone
septic zone
recovery zone
What stream zone has low dissolved oxygen levels, sludge worms, mosquito larvae, and no fish?
What is not involved in the process known as eutrophication?
high levels of organic pollutants
high levels of nitrogen
high levels of phosphorus
high levels of dissolved oxygen
Organic matter such as herbicides and pesticides are found in nearly all streams.
Methods to reduce organic matter runoff into streams include using
shallow sediment basins to contain runoff
vegetative covered filter strips to slow down runoff and allow more time for plants to absorb the organic matter
grassed waterways to slow down runoff and allow more tie for plants to absorb the organic matter
all of the above
Which organism would have the MOST metal accumulation in their body in the process known as biomagnification
mayfly
small bluegill
large bass
human
What type of activities increase the amount of metals in the environment?
Mining
Burning of coal
Droughts
both mining and burning of coal
what is NOT TRUE about sediment pollution
farmlands contribute the most to sediment pollution in water bodies
sediments in a water body reduce the amount of sunlight that can penetrate the water body and reach bottom dwelling plants
if sunlight cannot reach bottom dwelling plants because of high sediment load, photosynthesis cannot occur, and plant populations are reduced
sediment containment ponds increase the amount of sediment runoff into streams
Which method would NOT reduce surface water pollution?
dredging lake and stream bottoms to remove accumulated sediment
adding aluminum to lakes to reduce phosphate levels
reducing oxygen content in lakes
introducing fish eating algae into streams
Which NATURAL process would not reduce groundwater pollution
breaking down pollutants with microbes in groundwater
using activated charcoal filters to remove pollution
adhering or absorbing pollutants to sediment in groundwater
diluting pollutants in groundwater
Groundwater wells can be used to remove contamination through what processes
air stripping
activated charcoal filtering
adjusting the pH of groundwater
The best method to reduce water pollution is to not pollute the water in the first place.
