Immuno Exam 2

CD4 binds to which domain of which class of MHC on which cell(s)?

CD8 binds to which domain of which class of MHC on which cell(s)?

Put the following 6 into the correct 3 pairs:
CD11aCD18, CD28, CD58, CD2, B7, CD54, ICAM-1, CD80, LFA-2, LFA-3

What are the components of the TCR complex?

What makes up signal 2 and why?

Which region is the most diverse on the TCR?

Describe CDRs interaction with the peptide and MHC

T/F the TCRs on one cell are clonotypic

The CDRs are located on the: alpha chain, beta chain, both, neither

rearrangement of the TCR and BCR gene segments are regulated by which enzyme(s)?

What is SCID? (ex: in Arabian foals)

On the TCR which chain rearranges first? Alpha or Beta?

Describe the beta chain gene rearrangement

Describe the alpha chain rearrangement

What 3 things contribute to junctional diversity?

What is the most common way to create diversity to the TCR alpha and beta chains?

What is N-region nucleotide addition?

What is TdT?

What are P-nucleotides?

T/F: TCRs have the ability to edit

What two things does the TCR require for signal transduction?

Name the 2 functions of the CD3 complex

What is the result of a mutation in the CD3 complex?

T cells are selected for in the
Red Pulp
Medulla
Bone Marrow
Cortex

What is the approximate ratio of T Helper to T Killer cells?

Do T helper cells help out adaptive immunity, innate immunity, or both?

Which cells are responsible for thymocyte selection?

Do thymic stromal cells possess MCHI, MCHII, both, or none?

What cell is the most potent activator of Naive T cells and why?

What causes enhanced expression of B7?

What does a signal by CD28 cause?

In regards to T cells, what is the function of IL-6?

Which cytokine is the major co-stimulator of Th2 cells?

What are the first 2 steps after and antigen is recognized by a helper T cell?

T/F: When T cells proliferate and differentiate, they mostly become antigen-specific memory cells

Where can one find Effector T Helper cells?

T/F: Effector T helper cells only need signal 1 for activation

What happens to the effector T cells after an antigen has been eliminated and why is this significant?

For the most part, where will you find Naive T cells?

Do Naive T Cells have effector functions?

Which cells are responsible for the accelerated secondary responses on subsequent exposure to the same antigen?

Memory T helper cells differentiate into which types of cells?

How do effector T cells leave the vascular system to enter the infected peripheral tissue?

Where do the Th1 and Th2 subsets develop?

What is the function of IL-12 in relation to the T helper subsets?

What is the function of IL-4 in relation to the T helper subsets?

What is unique about the IL-12/IL-4 relation?

What cells can produce IL-12 and why might they do so?

Which IL is produced in response to helminths? What does this cause CD4 cells to do?

Which cytokines does Th1 enhance and suppress?

What cytokines does Th2 enhance and suppress?

Draw a typical Antibody structure
(Seriously, grab a piece of paper and do it labeling all possible parts that you can remember)

Which antibodies do not have a hinge region and why?

Antibodies act in 2 different phases. Which phases?

What percentage of plasma proteins is made up by secreted antibodies?

Alpha, beta, and gamma type globulins have been ID'd due to electrophoretic migration rate. What type of globulin are antibodies?

Which Ig has the shortest percentage of carbohydrate content?

If papain is mixed with IgG, what will happen?

What will happen if IgG is mixed with pepsin?

What did papain/pepsin experiment tell us about the Fab regions?

What did the papain/pepsin experiment tell us about the Fc region?

T/F: the light chain on an antibody determines the type

T/F: An Ab has 2 light chains, 2 lambda, 2 kappa, or 1 of each

In humans, which type of light chain is more common?

What forms the antigen binding site on the antibody?

T/F: Each hypervariable region is up to 10 amino acids long

What is another name for the hypervariable regions?

T/F: Antigen-Ab interaction is irreversible

Name some noncovalent forces that contribute to Ag-Ab binding

With regards to Abs, define affinity

With regards to Abs, define avidity.

T/F: IgM has a higher avidity than IgG

When can Abs act as antigens?

Define isotype

Define allotype

Define idiotypes

What is the primary function of an antibody and the possible result(s)?

T/F: most effector functions of an Ab are mediated by the Fab region

What are Fc receptors?

Which antibodies do not have Fc receptors?

What is the major Ig in serum?

Where is IgG found?

Name the FcgammaR receptors

Which Fc gamma receptor is found on B cells? What is it's significance?

Which Fcgamma receptor has the highest affinity?

Which cells have all 3 of the Fcgamma receptors?

Fcgamma receptors on phagocytes interact more or less efficiently with IgG bound to an antigen? Why?

Which antibody is most likely to cross the placenta in most species?

How does IgG function as an opsonin?

Neutralizatoin of viruses and microbial toxins form IgG can result in what?

Which Ig is most efficient in agglutination?

Which Ig has the highest avidity?

Which Ig is the predominant Ig produced by the fetus?

An elevated IgM level in the blood of a newborn is indicative of what?

Where does synthesis of IgA mostly occur?

Which is the most abundant Ig in the body?

T/F: Secretory IgA is a dimer and serum IgA is generally a monomer

What composes the secretory component of IgA to help transport IgA to the mucosal surface? What other function does the secretory component have?

Which Ig is predominant in various secretions?

How does IgA protect mucosal surfaces?

Which Ig(s) participate in agglutination?

Which Ig(s) are heat liable at 56 degrees?

Which Ig is referred to as an reaginic antibody and why?

Which three cells has Fcepsilon receptors?