what is tolerance?

what is physical dependence?

dependence syndrome means

what are the 2 types of withdrawal syndrome?

what is withdrawal brought about by (4)

what is addiction?

addiction behaviour is characterised by (4)

what reward pathway do all drugs of abuse activate?

outline the structures involved in this pathway

what is the effect alcohol has on the CNS and how does it achieve this effect?

acute alcohol effects include

outline how neuroadaptation in chronic alcoholism occurs

name some of the effects/symptoms of chronic alcoholism (6)

outline what happens, on a cellular level, in alcohol withdrawal syndrome

outline symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome

treatment for acute alcohol withdrawal

treatment options to aid abstinence from alochol

name 3 opioids

outline cellular effects of acute opioid use

outline how neuroadaption occurs with prolonged opioid use

what happens on a cellular level when you go through opioid withdrawal?

what is the meaning of anhedonia?

treatment of opioid overdose

3 drugs used in opioid detoxification

benzodiazepine MOA

dependence on benzodiazepines can develop during long-term clinical use, so...

withdrawal of benzodiazepines is associated with (3)

nicotine targets which receptor?

how does nicotine activate the dopamine reward pathway?

activation of central nicotinic receptors produces

activation of peripheral nicotinic receptors produces

smoking cessation treatment: buproprion

smoking cessation treatment: varenicline

what is the primary mechanism of action for psychostimulants

examples of psychostimulants (4)

active compound in cannabinoid

what receptors do cannabinoids act on

name 2 hallocinogens

where does LSD come from

how does MDMA work?