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The largest group of whites in the South _______.
owned between ten and ninety-nine slaves each
owned between one and nine slaves each
owned no slaves
owned over one hundred slaves each
Which of the following was not one of the effects of the cotton boom?
U.S. trade increased with France and Spain.
Port cities like New Orleans expanded.
Northern manufacturing expanded.
The need for slave labor grew.
In the 1850's, some southerners demanded reopening the international slave trade. This caused a rift between the Upper South and the Lower South. Whites in the Upper South believed
it would hurt their profits
it would harm race relations
it make slaves more expensive
It was immoral
Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin changed the industry of the South in which way?
It created a new source of cheap alcohol.
It led to more land in the South being dedicated to cotton farming.
It created greater competition between Southern cotton farmers.
It decreased the dependence on slave labor in cotton farming.
In the early United States, sectionalism first arose due to conflict over which divisive issue?
voting
religion
immigration
slavery
John C. Calhoun argued for greater rights for southerners with which idea?
paternalism
polygenism
majority rule
concurrent majority
Why did southern expansionists conduct filibuster expeditions?
to prove they could raise an army
to map unknown territories
to find runaway slaves
to annex new slave states
The abolition of the foreign slave trade in 1807 led to _______.
a reform movement calling for the complete end to slavery in the United States
a dramatic decrease in the price and demand for slaves
the decline of cotton production
the rise of a thriving domestic slave trade
Under the law in the antebellum South, slaves were ________.
servants
animals
property
indentures
The controversy at the heart of the Ostend Manifesto centered on the fate of:
Louisiana
Ostend, Belgium
Cuba
Nicaragua
Which new church grew quickly in spite of being met with hostility after it was founded in the 1830s?
Pentecostalism
Mormonism
Protestantism
Catholicism
Sylvester Graham's reformers targeted
nutrition
sexuality
the human body
all of these
In the context of the antebellum era, what does colonization refer to?
American colonization of the Caribbean
the relocation of slaves to Africa
the American annexation of Africa
Great Britain's colonization of North America
How did abolitionists use the political system to fight slavery?
by bringing lawsuits against slave-owners on constitutional grounds
by encouraging slaves and free black workers to refuse to work
by forming third parties that advocated laws against slavery
Transcendentalists were most concerned with
predestination
the individual
the afterlife
democracy
Which of the following did William Lloyd Garrison not employ in his abolitionist efforts?
immediatism
pamphleteering
political involvement
moral suasion
Which religious community focused on the power of patriarchy?
Mormons
Owenites
Rappites
Shakers
Why did William Lloyd Garrison's endorsement of the Grimke sisters divide the abolitionist movement?
They attended the Seneca Falls Convention
They lectured to co-ed audiences
They supported colonization
They advocated equal rights for women
In the nineteenth century, which Protestant denomination grew in numbers in the United States due to increased immigration from Germany?
Lutheranism
Methodism
Episcopalism
How did the abolitionist views of William Lloyd Garrison differ from those of earlier anti-slavery advocates?
He opposed foreign colonization of former slaves.
He believed that violent revolt should not always be discouraged.
He supported gradual rather than sudden emancipation.
Which community or movement is associated with transcendentalism?
Brook Farm
the Ephrata Cloister
the Oneida Community
Fourierism
Which American philosophical movement influenced many early reform efforts in New England?
Existentialism
Rationalism
Transcendentalism
Why did female abolitionists often meet resistance within their own movement?
Women had the same social status as slaves at the time.
Religious leaders often used the Bible to justify female inferiority.
It was feared that female members would slow the movement's progression.
How did Charles G. Finney’s brand of Christian revivalism differ from those of previous Evangelical leaders?
He advocated withdrawal from society in favor of communalism.
He believed Christianity needed to be purged of its worldly nature.
He stressed the control that humans have over their own destinies.
Which reformer focused on women's roles as the educators of children
Catherine Beecher
Sarah Grimke
Susan B. Anthony
Lydia Maria Child
The utopian community begun by Robert Owen in 1825 was founded around which principle?
cooperative labor
secular humanism
mental independence
The first temperance laws were enacted by
state governments
the Federal government
local governments
the Supreme Court
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Second GreatAwakening?
greater emphasis on nature
greater emphasis on religious education of children
greater church attendance
belief in the possibility of a better world
On what grounds did Dred Scott sue for freedom?
the fact that he had lived in free states
the fact that his family would be torn apart
the cruelty of his master
the inherent inhumanity of slavery
Which of the following was not a component of the Compromise of 1850?
the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act
the admission of Kansas as a free state
the admission of California as a free state
a ban on the slave trade in Washington, DC
What was President Zachary Taylor’s top priority as president?
enlarging the state of Texas
expanding slavery
ensuring the recapture of runaway slaves
preserving the Union
"Border ruffians" helped to ________.
elect a proslavery legislature in Kansas
capture runaway slaves
chase abolitionists out of Missouri
disseminate abolitionist literature in Kansas
Which of the following was a provision of the Compromise of 1850?
New Mexico and Utah would be admitted as slave states.
Slavery would no longer be allowed in the District of Columbia.
Free states would be forced to return slaves who escaped to those states.
In 1856, in which territory did confrontations between free- and slave-state factions become violent?
Kansas
Utah
Oregon
Which of the following was not a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
Douglas was elected senator of Illinois.
Lincoln successfully defended the principle of popular sovereignty.
Citizens in both the North and South followed the debates closely.
Lincoln’s national profile was raised.
Which of the following was a focus of the new Republican Party?
promoting states’ rights
encouraging the use of popular sovereignty to determine where slavery could exist
supporting Irish Catholic immigration
halting the spread of slavery
Which of the following did not contribute to Lincoln’s victory in the election of 1860?
Lincoln’s improved national standing after his senatorial debates with Stephen Douglas
the defeat of the Whig party
the Constitutional Union party’s further splintering the vote
the split between northern and southern democrats
Why did John Brown attack the armory at Harpers Ferry?
in revenge after the sacking of Lawrence
to hold as a military base against proslavery forces
to seize weapons to distribute to slaves for a massive uprising
to prevent southern states from seceding
Why was the constitutionality of President Lincoln?s suspension of habeas corpus brought into question?
It allowed people to be jailed without being charged before a judge.
It ignored the will of Congress in approving funds for military expenditures.
It gave the federal government undue power over the states.
Which slave state remained in the Union during the U.S. Civil War?
Virginia
Arkansas
Kentucky
The Confederacy was founded when which state seceded from the Union?
Georgia
South Carolina
Mississippi
Which U.S. Civil War event is often credited for Abraham Lincoln's re-election in 1864?
the capture and fall of Atlanta
the surrender of General Robert E. Lee
the siege and surrender of Vicksburg
Which statement describes how slavery created a military advantage for the Confederacy during the U.S. Civil War?
Union troops avoided attacking the properties of slaveholders.
Confederate laws required the conscription of slaves as soldiers.
Slaves performed necessary labor, freeing white workers to fight.
Why did many northerners consider conscription to be unfair during the U.S. Civil War?
It forced all men to join the draft regardless of their age or health.
It allowed wealthier draftees to hire substitutes and avoid fighting.
It favored those who lived further from the Confederate border.
In 1861, the Confederate states chose whom to serve as their provisional president?
Zebulon Vance
Jefferson Davis
Alexander Stephens
Which statement best describes one advantage the Confederacy had over the Union in the U.S. Civil War?
The Confederacy's soldiers had more experience and better training.
The Confederacy's soldiers were better equipped for battle.
The Confederacy's soldiers were more accustomed to using firearms.
Which Confederate states were generally the last to secede?
those closest to the Atlantic Ocean
those with small slave populations
those bordering the Union states
During the U.S. Civil War, what did Northerners do to raise money for the war effort that Southerners did not?
raise local taxes
impose direct federal taxes
sell government bonds
Which event officially triggered the U.S. Civil War?
the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation
the inception of the Union naval blockade of the South
the Confederate attack on and capture of Fort Sumter
Why was the Presidential election of 1860 particularly complex in its scope?
The Republican Party was divided in their support for Abraham Lincoln's candidacy.
The Democratic Party was split among regional lines and nominated two candidates.
A third party candidate had managed to defeat the Democratic candidate in votes.
Which of the following sparked the New York City riots of July 1863?
food shortages
conscription
abolitionism
Which Confederate state was the last to secede from the Union?
Tennessee
Texas
Which of the following was a significant difference between the Union and Confederate armies?
The Union army had far more experienced generals than the Confederate army.
The Union army had far more soldiers than the Confederate army.
The Union army had far more accessible resources than the Confederate army.
Which statement best describes Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation?
It made slavery illegal throughout the Union and Confederacy.
It freed all slaves in the Confederate states.
It freed all slaves in Union states that allowed slavery.
Why did the Cherokee leaders agree to fight with the Confederacy in the U.S. Civil War?
Confederate leaders had promised them weapons and protection from the Union.
The Cherokee had fought against the United States in numerous previous wars.
Many Cherokee were slave owners and shared other interests with the Confederacy.
Which woman was noted for supervising army nurses during the U.S. Civil War?
Florence Nightingale
Dorothea Dix
Rose O'Neal Greenhow
In which border state was the friction between Union and Confederate sympathizers most intense?
Maryland
Missouri
What made many Southerners disapprove of Jefferson Davis as a leader?
his support for reconciling with the Union over seceding from it
his belief in the need for a strong centralized government
his lack of experience in areas such as international diplomacy