Paediatric Dentistry PMU-Part 2 (units 5-9)

Dental Pulp is a loose connective tissue that occupies a space called cavum pulp.

The walls of canalis radicis dentis becomes thinner due to a dentin deposition

The dental pulp of the primary teeth begins to develop during the second month of embryonic life from papilla dentis

Pulp is a specialized epithelial tissue

Zone of Weil contains Odontoblasts

Dental Pulp is composed of Procollagen and Collagen fibres

The fibroblasts of Dental Papilla are responsible for the secretion of Procollagen, Collagen and Glucosaminoglycans

Pulp is surrounded by:

Pulp is formed from the:

Read the Text. Which are the described cells?
The large number of these cells is an indicator of cellular disintegration. They directly participate in the protective function of pulp. They have the ability to produce biologically active substances/serotinin,heparin/

The right combination of statements about collagen fibres is
1. They are cross striated fibres
2. The collagen fibrils are made of many individual collagen molecules/Proline, hydroxypoline,Glycine/
3. They form the peripheral boundary of Dental pulp
4. They are gathered in clusters around the blood vessels

The Subodontoblastic pulp layer includes:
1. Odontoblasts
2. Cell-Free Zone
3. Fibroblasts and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
4. They are gathered in clusters around the blood vessels

The pulp core contains:
1. Odontoblasts
2. Zone of Weil
3. Intercellular substance
4. Fibroblasts, defence cells, blood vessels and Nerves

The right combination of statements about odontoblasts is:
1. These cells are found through the pulp core
2. They are specialised and differentiated cells
3. They form the peripheral boundary of dental pulp
4. They are star-shaped cells
5. They are first observed as elongated cells, then the cells become pear shaped

The features of dental pulp of newly erupted teeth:
1. Large pulp chamber
2. A small number of cells and a small amount of liquids
3. Low pulp potential to provide nutritive and protective function
4. High pulp potential to provide nutritive and protective function
5. High pulp potential to provide formative, sensory and reparative function
6. Large amounts of collagen fibres
7. Small amounts of collagen fibres
8. Large numbers of undifferentiated cells

Cementum is mesodermal in origin

Cementum is developed from the inner layer of the fully formed saculus dentis

Cementum is a Vascular tissue.

The structural units of cementum are cells, fibers and intercellular substance

Cementum is continuously formed throughout a persons entire life

Cementum is the least mineralised of the calcified dental tissues

The cellular cementum covers the dentin of the whole root surface

Precementum is an unmineralised matrix of cementum

The cells responsible for cementogenesis are:

The most accurate and detailed description of cementum is:

Read the text. Which are the described cells?
Cells, with reduced secretory activity, are incorporated into cementum and lie in spaces known as lacunae, where as their protoplasmic processes extend in small canaliculi

The corkscrew fibers that pass between odontoblasts and reach predentin are called:

Cementum is formed:

Cementocytes are:

The right combination of statements about cementum is :

1. Cementum is a hard dental tissue
2. It covers the crown of the tooth
3. It covers the root of the tooth
4. It is a lose connective tissue
5. The compositions of cementum and mature bone are similar but cementum is an avascular mineralised tissue

The right combination of statements about cementoblasts is:

1. They are star-shaped cells with long protoplasmic processes
2. They are tall and cylindrical cells
3. They are cells with a minimal amount of cytoplasm
4. There is a large amount of RNA-granules and mitochondria, well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
5. They are responsible for the synthesis of collagen and polysaccharide complexes

The right combination of statements about the cellular cementum is:

1. It is an outermost layer that contains a large number of cells
2. It is an innermost layer that covers dentin
3. It is contiguous with periodontal ligament on its outer surface
4. The cells undergo degeneration and ossification
5. Regeneration of cementum is possible
6. Regeneration of cementum is not possible

Periodontal ligament is a connective tissue structure, an integral part of Periodontium

Periodontal ligament attaches the tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone within which it sits and allows functional movement of the tooth.

Periodontal ligament is a connective tissue, located between dentin and dental pulp

Periodontal ligament consists of fibres, cells, ground substance, blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve fibres

The most important elements of periodontal ligament are the cells

Periodontal ligament receives its blood supply through branches of interalveolar vessels, branches of apical artery supplying the pulp and branches of gingival vessels entering a coronal direction.

It is suggested that cyst formation requires a proliferation of:

The width of the periodontal space depends on the
1. degree of mineralization of dental hard tissues
2. Dentition
3. Child's age
4. Functional Stress

The right combination of statements about the dentoalveolar fiber group is:
1. The alveolar crest fibers pass over the crest of interdental septum and are embedded in the cervical part of the cementum
2. The horizontal fibers run from cementum to the bone with a perpendicular angle to the long axis of the tooth
3. The oblique fibers are the most numerous fibers in periodontal ligament, running from cementum in an oblique direction to insert into the bone coronally
4. The apical fibers radiate in a rather irregular manner from cementum to the bone at the apical region of the socket

Ligamentum circulate consists of:
1. Gingival ligament
2. Circumferential gingival fibers
3. Alveolar crest fibers
4. Sharpey's fibers

The right combination of statements about the blood supply of periodontal ligament is:
1. Periodontal ligament is poorly vascularised
2. Periodontal ligament is well vascularised
3. The pressure in the circulatory system is opposed by the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding tissues
4. It contains numerous capillaries
5. The capillaries are few in number

The supportive function of periodontal ligament is achieved by the:
1. Horizontal fibers
2. Blood vessels
3. Apical fibers
4. Oblique fibers
5. Histiocytes

Periodontal ligament mechanoreceptors are
1. Ruffini's corpuscles
2. Meissner's corpuscles
3. Free nerve endings
4. Spindle type nerve ending

The right combination of statements about periodontal ligament is
1. Periodontal ligament is very poorly innervated
2. The supportive function of periodontal ligament is achieved by the epithelial cell rests of Malassez
3. All nerve fibers, present in periodontal ligament, are myelinated
4. Nerve fibers follow the path of the blood vessels
5. The peripheral nerve fibers are unmyelinated
6. Ruffini's corpuscles are mechanoreceptors in periodontal ligament
7. The periodontal collagen is mostly type IV collagen
8. The pressure in the circulatory system is opposed by the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding tissues
9. Periodontal ligament is richly supplied with nerve endings that are primarily receptors for pain and pressure

Oral Mucosa consists of epithelium/lamina epithelial/, mucosa/lamina propria mucosae/ submucosa/lamina submucosa.

The epithelium of the oral mucosa is mesodermal in origin

The lining mucosa covers the lips, the inside of the cheeks, floor of the mouth, inferior surface of the tongue and soft palate.

Stratum basale of oral mucosa consists of several layers of compactly arranged cells, firmly attached to the basement membrane

Lamina Propria mucosae is found above the basement membrane

No submucosa is found in gingiva, hard palate and dorm of tongue

Stratum granulosum of the masticatory mucosa consists of two to five layers of rhomboid cells containing keratohyalin granules

Oral Mucosa can be divided into three main categories based on the function and histology into lining, masticatory and specialised mucosa

Lamina Epithelialis is of

Lamina propria mucosae and lamina submucosa are of

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum are the two layers of the:

The specialized mucosa covers:

The functions of oral mucosa include all of the following except for

The right combination of statements about lamina propria mucosae is:

1. It is located beneath the basement membrane
2. It consists of collagen, elastic fibers and reticulin
3. It is a layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath lamina submucosa
4. It forms multiple prominent papillary folds covers by epithelium

The right combination of statements about lamina submucosa is:

1. It is located beneath lamina propria mucosae
2. It is a layer of loose connective tissue
3. It is of endodermal origin
4. It has capacity of glycogen synthesis and deposition

As in the skin the 'immigrant' cells present in the non-keratinised epithelium of the lining mucosa are:

1. Langerhans Cells
2. Melanocytes
3. Merkel's cells
4. migrating lymphocytes
5. epithelial cells
6. endodermal cells

The different types of Papillae on the tongue are:

1. Reticular
2. Filiform
3. Fungiform
4. Dendriform
5. Foilate
6. Circumvallate

Periodontium is a complex anatomical structure composed of both hard and soft tissues

Gingiva is part of the soft tissue lining of the mouth, tightly bound to the underlying periosteum of alveolar bone and surrounding the teeth in a collar

The facial attached gingiva is narrowest in the area of incisors

Healthy gingiva usually has a colour that has been described as dark red

Physiological changes associated with the tooth eruption occur in periodontium as the dentition changes from primary to permanent teeth

Periodontal ligament is ectodermal in origin

Ligamentum circulare dentis consists of gingival ligament, circumferential gingival fibers and alveolar crest fibers

The attached gingiva is continuous with the marginal gingiva

The width of the attached gingiva in the incisor region is the widest

The interdental papilla is also known as the interdental gingiva

The healthy interdental papilla fill in the area between the teeth apical to their contact areas

The wall of the gingival sulcus is lined by keratinised epithelium

Ligamentum circulare and connective tissue attachment serve as a physiologic barrier of periodontium

The circular gingival fibers attach gingiva to the root dentin

Sharper's fibers extend from periodontal ligament into cementum and act as a buffer medium against stress

The fibers of van Korff are corkscrew fibers that pass between odontoblasts and reach predentin

The formative function of periodontium is provided by the fibers and ground substance in the periodontal ligament

The periodontium's blood supply is derived from the superior and inferior alveolar arteries

The pressure during the mastication process is a signal regulating the nutritive function of periodontium

The supportive function of periodontium provides mechanical attachment of the tooth to the bone

The statement about the interdental gingiva that is incorrect is

Which is the described component of periodontium?
'It is a masticatory mucosa that covers the alveolar process of the jaw and surround the neck of the teeth'

The statements about gingiva that are correct are:

1. It is a complex anatomical structure composed of both hard and soft tissues
2. It consists of outer and inner cortical plates of compact bone that enclose the spongiosa, a compartment composed of spongy bone
3. It is a masticatory mucosa that covers the alveolar process of the jaw and surrounds the neck of the teeth
4. Healthy gingiva is usually coral pink

The features of cementum associated with childhood are:

1. an increase of cementum thickness
2. A reduction in cementum thickness
3. A large amount of cellular cementum is found on the tooth root
4. regeneration of cementum is not possible

The features of periodontal ligament associated with childhood are

1. wide periodontal ligament space
2. narrow periodontal ligament space
3. large amounts of the mature collagen fibers
4. large amounts of fluid ground substance
5. large number of cells, blood vessels and nerve fibers

The supportive function of periodontium is provided by

1. Korffs Fibers
2. Cementum
3. Gingiva
4. Alveolar bone
5. Periodontal ligament

Tooth eruption serves as a definite indicator for children's health

The primary tooth germs are formed during the 2nd and 3rd months of embryonic life

At birth each alveolar process contains 8 primary tooth germs

First the crowns of the primary central incisors in the two jaws are formed, then the crowns of the primary lateral incisors, canines and molars

Ameloblasts are responsible for the root resorption in primary teeth

By the time a child is 2.5 - 3 years of age, all primary teeth should have erupted

At birth two alveolar processes contain:

The primary central and lateral incisors germs are laid down during the:

By the end of 2.5 -3 years of age should have erupted:

The roots of primary teeth begin to resorb

The root resorption of the primary molars begins on the inner surface of the root because:

Delayed tooth eruption is the emergence of a tooth into the oral cavity

The eruption of primary teeth can be influenced by a number of factors, such as

1/ heredity
2/ physiological factors
3/ pathologic factors
4/ environmental factors

Signs and symptoms of the physiological process of a tooth eruption are:

1. a swelling of the gum around the erupting tooth without edema and infiltration
2. a sac filled with fluid and blood
3. irritability and itching
4. increased amounts of saliva

Causes of a precocious eruption of primary teeth are

1. pathologic pregnancy
2. superficial position of tooth germs
3. rachitis
4. hyperfunction of the endocrine glands
5. poor nutrition

Causes for a delayed primary tooth eruption are:

1. rachitis
2. superficial position of tooth germ
3. poor nutrition
4. pathologic pregnancy
5. hyper function of the endocrine glands

Some of the permanent tooth germs are formed during the embryonic life

At birth each alveolar process contains 10 primary tooth germs and 8 permanent tooth germs

The normal continuation of permanent tooth eruption is 5 months

The root formation of permanent teeth is accommodated during the tooth eruption and is a consequence, not a cause of the process

The initial mineralization of the permanent first molar and the intensive mineralization of primary teeth simultaneously occur during the 9th month of embryonic life.

The tooth germs of the first permanent molars are laid down during the:

The tooth germs of the permanent incisors are laid down during the:

By the age of 11-12 should have erupted

Delayed tooth eruption of permanent teeth is the emergence of a tooth into the oral cavity

Which is the best described stage of tooth development?
''There is a breakdown of the gingival connective tissue overlying the crown of the erupting tooth. As the process approaches the overlying epithelium merges with the oral gingival epithelium. Finally the place of the fused tissues is greatly reduced'

An important role during the period of mineralization of dental hard tissues play:

1/ Macroelements such as Ca and P
2/ Microelements such as F, Mo, V, Mn, Co
3/ Vitamin A
4/ Vitamin D
5/ Vitamin E

The right combination of statements about permanent teeth is
1. The germs of the permanent incisors arise from the distal extension of dental lamina
2. Mineralization begins from the incised edge of the anterior teeth and he tips of the cusps of molars and proceeds towards the cervical region
3. By the age of 11-12 most children have a full set of permanent teeth except for the third molars
4. There are two stages in the development of the root of permanent teeth

The right combination of statements about the basic principles in tooth eruption is:

1. Upper teeth usually erupt before lower teeth
2. Tooth eruption occurs in specific eruption times
3. The teeth on the upper jaw usually erupt one to two months after the same tooth on the lower jaw
4. Different dental groups emerge in the oral cavity in order known as the dental eruption sequence