Slaves responded to emancipation during he war years in all of the following ways EXCEPT that they:
tried to join the Union army
Vandalized their masters' homes and farms
changed their names
remained loyal to their masters
married former mistresses
Who were the Exodusters?
Former slaves who, after emancipation, vowed never to pick cotton again
A mass migration of blacks from various southern states into Kansas in the late 1870s
Former slaves who spent their post-slavery days searching for children or spouses who had been sold away
Newly freed slaves who founded black churches across the South
Free blacks who shed their old clothes for fine silks
The Freedmen's Bureau?
sold land in the West to newly emancipated slaves
negotiated fair labor contracts between newly freed slaves and their former masters
was established by Congress to provide food, education, and other social services to freedmen
was administered in local communities throughout the South by transplanted agents from Washington, D.C.
lasted just two years before Southerners and President Johnson put an end to it
Before becoming president, Andrew Johnson had been a
blacksmith
student at a prestigious southern college
congressman and governor of South Carolina
champion of poor farmers
lifelong Republicans
Which of the following was NOT a feature of presidential Reconstruction of the Union?
The notion that the South had never actually left the Union
The disenfranchisement of leading Confederates
The establishment of state conventions that agreed to certain key principles
The 50 Percent Reconstruction Plan
The reorganization of Southern state governments and swift readmission of those states to the union.
The Black Codes were:
Restrictive Southern statutes passed to regulate newly freed slaves
harshest in Georgia
laws requiring former slave owners to rehire their slaves as sharecropping farmers
laws that safeguarded the new freedoms of emancipated slaves, such as the right to marry and to serve on juries
state-run efforts to guarantee blacks the right to vote
What single outcome of the war had Northern Congressmen wondering who really won?
The expectation by Southern representatives that they could simply reclaim their seats in Congress
The election of Jefferson Davis and Andrew Stephens to Southern Senate seats
The end of the Three-Fifths Compromise
The imposition of the sharecropping system
The effort by Southern forces to eliminate the Freedmen's Bureau
To secure the gains of the 1866 Civil Rights Bill, Congress sought to pass the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution with all of the following terms EXCEPT:
citizenship and civil rights for blacks
the right to vote
linking the calculation of a state's representation in Congress to whether it offered blacks the ballot
disqualification of certain former Confederates from federal and state office
the repudiation of Confederate debts
What was the central difference between radical and moderate Republican notions of Reconstruction?
Radicals wanted rapid restoration of the Southern states
Moderates wanted to reinvent the Southern economic system before readmitting Southern states
Moderates wanted to limit federal intervention in the South
Radicals wanted less federal involvement in the South
Radicals stood alone in their goal of black enfranchisement
All of the following were tenets of Reconstruction as adopted by Congress EXCEPT:
ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment
temporary reorganization of the South into military districts
state laws enfranchising former male slaves
establishment of new state constitutions and reorganized state governments
state sponsored education and land grants to former slaves
The problem with the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution was that it:
granted only property holding blacks the right to vote
inserted the word male into the constitutional definition of citizenship for the first time
allowed ex-Confederate leaders to vote
did not enfranchise women
required that only the South allow blacks to vote
Who were the so-called scalawags and carpet-baggers?
Scalawags were former slaves elected to office in the Reconstructed South; carpet-baggers were Yankee agents of the Freedmen's Bureau
Scalawags were pro-Union Southerners who participated in radical Reconstruction; carpet-baggers were Northerners who moved South seeking profit and power
Scalawags were Southerners who sold land to former slaves; carpet-baggers were Northern government officials who were sent South to ensure that elections were fair and open to everyone
Scalawags were Southerners who supported black enfranchisement; carpet-baggers were Northerners who sought to exploit the South's postwar economic crisis for personal gain
Scalawags were those who supported Yankee reforms; carpet-baggers were Northern labor activists
White Southerners resisted the increased empowerment of blacks in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
the enactment of the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871
the creation of Ku Klux Klan
the establishment of literacy tests as a qualification for voting
intimidation and fraud
enactment of Black Codes and segregation practices
What was the justification for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson?
He kept a harem of women
He was often drunk
He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act
He purchased Alaska without the required consent of Congress
He had obstructed Reconstruction
After emancipation, many blacks traveled in order to?
return to Africa or the West Indies
seek a better life in Northern cities
find lost family members or seek new economic opportunities
track down and punish cruel overseers
The Freedmen's Bureau was originally established to provide:
land and supplies for black farmers
labor registration
food, clothes, and education for emancipated slaves
political training in citizenship for black voters
Lincoln's original plan for Reconstruction in 1863 was that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when:
it repealed its original secession act and took its soldiers out of the Confederate Army
10 percent of its voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union and pledged to abide by emancipation
it formally adopted a plan guaranteeing black political and economic rights
it ratified that Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution
The Black Codes passed by many of the Southern state governments in 1865 aimed to:
provide economic assistance to get former slaves started as sharecroppers
ensure a stable and subservient labor force under white control
permit blacks to vote if they met certain educational or economic standards
gradually force blacks to leave the South
The congressional elections of 1866 resulted in:
a victory for Johnson and his pro-Southern Reconstruction plan
a further political stalemate between the Republicans in Congress and Johnson
a decisive defeat for Johnson and a veto-proof Republican Congress
a gain for Northern Democrats and their moderate compromise plan for Reconstruction
In contrast to radical Republicans, moderate Republicans generally:
favored states' rights and opposed direct federal involvement in individuals' lives
favored the use of federal power to alter the Southern economic system
favored emancipation but opposed the Fourteenth Amendment
favored returning the Southern states to the Union without significant Reconstruction
Besides putting the South under the rule of federal soldiers, the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 required that:
Southern states give blacks the vote as a condition of re-admittance to the Union
blacks and carpetbaggers be given control of Southern legislatures
former slaves be given land and education at federal expense
former Confederate officials and military officers be tried for treason
The Fourteenth Amendment provided for:
an end to slavery
permanent disenfranchisement of all Confederate officials
full citizenship and civil rights for former slaves
voting rights for women
The Fifteenth Amendment provided for:
readmitting Southern states to the Union
voting rights for former slaves
Women's rights leaders were opposed to the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because:
they objected to racial integration in the women's movement
the amendments granted citizenship and voting rights to black and white men but not to women
they favored passage of the Equal Rights Amendment first
most of them were Democrats who would be hurt by the amendments
The right to vote encouraged southern black men to:
form a third political party as an alternative to the Democrats and Republicans
seek an apology and reparations for slavery
organize the Union League as a vehicle for political empowerment and self defense
organize large-scale migrations out of the South to the West
The "radical" Reconstruction regimes in the Southern states
took away white Southerners' civil rights and voting rights
consisted almost entirely of blacks
were made up of white Northerners, white Southerners, and blacks
eliminated the public education systems in most Southern states
Most of the Northern "carpetbaggers" were actually:
former Union soldiers, businessmen, or professionals
undercover agents of the federal government
former Southern Whigs and Unionists who had opposed the Confederacy
Northern teachers and missionaries who wanted to aid the freedman
The radical Republicans' impeachment of President Andrew Johnson resulted in:
Johnson's acceptance of the radicals' Reconstruction plan
a failure to convict and remove Johnson by a margin of only one vote
Johnson's conviction on a charge of violating the Tenure of Office Act
Johnson's resignation and appointment of Ulysses S. Grant as his successor
The skeptical public finally accepted Seward's purchase of Alaska because:
there were rumors of extensive oil deposits in the territory
it was considered strategically vital to American defense
it would provide a new frontier safety valve after the settling of the West
Russia had been the only great power friendly to the Union during the Civil War
