The federal government contributed to the building of the national rail network by?
Importing substantial numbers of Chinese immigrants to build the railroads
Providing free grants of federal land to the railroad companies
Building and operating the first transcontinental rail lines
Transporting the mail and other federal shipments over the rail lines
The most efficient and public-minded of the early railroad building industrialists was?
Collis P. Huntington
Leland Stanford
Cornelius Vanderbilt
James J. Hill
The railroad most significantly stimulated American industrialization by?
opening up the West to settlement
creating a single national market for raw materials and consumer goods
eliminating the inefficient canal system
inspiring greater federal investment in technical research and development
The railroad barons aroused considerable public opposition by practices such as:
forcing Indians off their traditional hunting grounds
refusing to pay their employees decent wages
refusing to build railroad lines in less settled areas
stock watering and bribery of public officials
The railroads affected even the organization of time in the United States by:
introducing regularly scheduled departures and arrivals on railroad timetables
introducing the concept of daylight savings time
introducing four standard time zones across the country
turning travel that had once taken days into a matter of hours
The first important federal law aimed at regulating American industry was?
the Federal Communications Act
the Pure Food and Drug Act
the Interstate Commerce Act
the Federal Trade Commission
Financier J.P. Morgan exercised his economic power most effectively by?
developing "horizontal integration" in the oil industry
lending money to the federal government
consolidating rival industries through "interlocking directorates"
serving as the middleman between American industrialists and foreign governments
Two late-nineteenth century technological inventions that especially drew women out of the home and into the workforce were?
the railroad and the telegraph
the electric light and the phonograph
the case register and the stock ticker
the typewriter and the telephone
Andrew Carnegie's industrial system of "vertical integration" referred to?
the construction of large, vertical steel factories in Pittsburgh and elsewhere.
the cooperation between manufacturers like Andrew Carnegie and financiers like J.P. Morgan.
the integration of diverse immigrant ethnic groups into the steel industry labor force.
the combination of all phases of the steel industry from mining to manufacturing into a single organization.
The large trusts like Standard Oil and Swift and Armour justified their economic domination of their industries by claiming that?
they were fundamentally concerned with serving the public interest over private profit
only large scale methods of production and distribution could provide superior products at low prices
competition among many small firms was contrary to the laws of economics
only large American industries could compete with British and German international companies
The oil industry first thrived in the late 1800s by producing?
natural gas and heating oil for home heating purposes
kerosene for oil lamps
gasoline for automobiles
heavy-duty diesel fuel for the railroads and industry
Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" proclaimed his belief that?
wealth was God's reward for hard work, while poverty resulted from laziness and immorality
churches needed to take a stronger stand on the economic issues of the day
faith in capitalism and progress should take the place once reserved for religion
those who acquired great wealth were morally responsible to use it for the public good
The attempt to create an industrialized "New South" in the late nineteenth century generally failed because?
the South was discriminated against and held down as a supplier of raw materials to northern industry
Southerners were too bitter at the Union to pursue national goals
continued political violence made the South an unattractive place for investment
there was little demand for southern products like textiles and cigarettes
For American workers, industrialization generally meant?
a steady, long-term decline in wages and the standard of living
an opportunity to create small businesses that might eventually produce large profits
a long term rise in the standard of living but a loss of independence and control of work
a stronger sense of identification with their jobs and employers
In contrast to the Knights of Labor, the American Federation of Labor advocated?
uniting both skilled and unskilled workers into a single large union
concentrating on improved wages and hours and avoiding general social reform
working for black and female labor interests as well as those of white men
using secrecy and violence against employers
