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Mapa Mental
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Danny Moran
, criado
more than 1 year ago
Year 9 Computing Mapa Mental sobre 1.1 System Architecture V2, criado por Danny Moran em 10-01-2019.
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computing
year 9
Criado por
Danny Moran
aproximadamente 6 anos atrás
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M O
about 6 years ago
WOW!!!! Danny Moran.
WOW!!!! Danny Moran.
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16414145
mind_map
2019-03-21T12:07:40Z
1.1 System Architecture V2
System Buses
Used to reduce the amount of
data collisions
Data Bus - Carries instructions from the main
memory to the processor
Address Bus - Carries
addresses from
processor to main
memory, it is
unidirectional
Control Bus - Instructs which
data will be travelling to and
from memory
Internal
Components - The
Processor, Main
Memory (RAM, ROM,
EEPROM), I/O
Controllers, Buses
External Components - Keyboard, mouse,
printer, disk drives, I/O Devices/ I/O Ports,
Secondary Storage (External Hard drive)
ROM - Read Only
Memory
I/O Controllers - These are used to allow an
interface between a hardware device
external to the motherboard and the
processor.
More Cores = More instructions can be
processed simultaneously
Embedded
Systems
Hertz - Number Of Cycles
Per Second
Processor Speed - Measured In Hertz
Typical speeds have
spanned across MHz
and GHz
The purpose of the
CPU is to carry out
program
instructions.
CPU automatically checks cache for instructions
before it requests data from RAM. This saves
fetching the instructions and data repeatedly
from RAM – a relatively slow process.
Cache - Small amount of
memory that is a part of the
CPU - closer to the CPU than
RAM. Used to temporarily hold
instructions and data that the
CPU is likely to reuse
Motherboard - A circuit board that
connects the CPU to the memory The
CPU sits on the motherboard (also
called the logic board).
Buses - Circuits on the motherboard
which connect the CPU to other
components..
Bridges - Manage how data + instructions are
transferred CPU, memory and other devices.
ROM (read only memory) is non-volatile
Non-volatile means that its contents
cannot be changed and it retains its
memory after the computer is turned
off.
Rom contains BIOS
which is the
firmware to the
motherboard. The
BIOS contains the
bootstrap
PROM - Made as blank ROM.
PROM chips can be bought
cheaply and programmed directly
by a programmer. They are not
rewritable so they can only be
programmed once.
EEPROM (electrically erasable
programmable read-only memory) -
firmware can be easily updated, similar to
a rewriteable CD
A system within another
device e.g. central heating
system, dishwashers,
fridges, washing machines
A bus moves instructions
and data around the
system
The speed of a bus is measured in megahertz (MHz).
The faster the bus, the faster data is communicated.
The speed of the motherboard is defined by the bus
speed.
It happens between turning on the power
and the computer beeping to say it is starting
to load the OS. This process is known as POST
(power on self test) on a PC.
The boot sequence is
the computer's initial
start-up process. After
the boot, the OS
controls the CPU and
supplies the programs
to run.
Bootstrap ladder is held in ROM, gives
the instruction to start up the
Operating System
Each CPU is designed to execute a specific group of instructions. The CPU carries
out a series of functions in a continuous cycle
I/O Controllers are used for:
Keyboard, Mouse, Disk Drive
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16414145
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