In post-Civil War America, what was the only reason that Indians voluntarily surrendered their ancestral land?
Indians chose to migrate further wast from their ancestral lands for superior farming
Indians received solemn promises from the federal government that they would be left alone and provided with food, clothing, and supplies on their remaining lands
Indians traded land to whites for rifles, blankets, food, and medicine
Indians were permitted to control the supply of food, buffalo, and other staples within the reservations
What sparked a new round of warfare between the Sioux tribe and the U.S. Army in 1874?
The massacre of U.S. Army Captain William Fetterman and his soldiers by a Sioux war party near the Bozeman Trail
The start of an effort by Sioux Chief Crazy Horse to drive all whites from Montana and the Dakotas
An expedition by U.S. Army Colonel George Custer to Little Big Horn, Montana
The discovery of gold by Colonel George Custer on Sioux land in the Black Hills
All of the following factors contributed to the ultimate surrender of the Plains Indians by the 1880's EXCEPT:
the coming of the railroads
the successive waves of army troops, farmers, cattlemen, sheepherders, and settlers competing for and seizing Plains Indian lands, food and other staples, and natural resources
the failure of Plains Indians to display courage, cunning, and cruelty in warfare
medical ravaging of the Indian population by white people's disease
In an effort to assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following EXCEPT:
dissolving many tribes as legal entities
abolishing tribal ownership of land
promising Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years
outlawing the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance
What was the most important role played by the mining frontier?
Bringing law and order the the West
Attracting substantial white population and wealth to the West
Reducing the intensity of conflict between whites and Indians
Ensuring that the mining industry would remain in the hands of independent and small businessmen
Which of the following was NOT a serious obstacle or difficulty encountered by families seeking to farm in the frontier West?
Insufficient quantities of acreage for productive farming in the rain scarce Great Plains offered for sale through the Homestead Act
Land grabbing promoters and speculators obtaining the most attractive land for farming
Inhospitable soil and inadequate available technology for farming the prairie sod of the Great Plains
Unscrupulous corporations using dummy homesteaders to obtain the best land
Among the following, which group was least likely to migrate to the cattle and farming frontier of the West?
Eastern city dwellers
Eastern farmers
African Americans
Midwestern farmers
Why were Americans disturbed when the superintendent of the census announced in 1890 that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible?
Americans now knew that the Homestead Act would no longer provide them with adequate amounts of cheap, hospitable western lands to farm
Americans believed that this declaration meant a renewal of the Indian wars
It meant that a renewal of political tensions and warfare with Mexico was inevitable
The promise of an endlessly open and vacant West, an element of American's mythological history from its beginnings, was now over
How does the safety valve theory of frontier America explain the role of the West in dampening class conflict in the United States?
Free western land attracted many immigrants to the West who might otherwise have clogged urban eastern job markets and depressed the wages of eastern city dwellers
Western farmers tended to be more politically conservative than those in the East and thus less apt to support populist or radical appeals to their economic conditions
Wealthy western farmers hired many unemployed laborers from eastern cities to reduce unemployment in the East
Western cities had less class conflict than those in the East
Which of the following did late-nineteenth century farmers believe to be most responsible for their difficult economic circumstances:
Low tariff rates
Overpopulation
A deflated currency
An inflated currency
The Populist party sought to win farmers and labors political support by endorsing all of the following EXCEPT:
nationalizing the railroads, telephone, and telegraph
a graduated income tax
free coinage of silver
low tariff rates
What was the primary lesson drawn by labor unions, Populists, and debtors from the violent legal end of the Pullman railway strike?
Proof of an alliance among big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people
A strategy by which united working class action could succeed
The potential for the federal government to act as an effective counterweight to big business
The ability to rely on the courts to uphold the rights of workers to strike for better wages and working conditions
All of the following characterized the election of 1896 EXCEPT:
the major political issue of the election was free and unlimited coinage of silver
an ushering in of an extended period of increased voter participation, the strengthening of party organizations, and the continued presence of the money question and civil service reforms in the national political discourse
it was the last time in American history that a serious effort to win the White House would be made by mostly agrarian voters
millions of dollars were raised from trusts and big businessmen by Republican National Committee Chairman Mark Hanna to ensure the election of William McKinley and protect big business interest
What was the primary cause of the monetary inflation that eventually relieved, but did not end, the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century?
The Gold Standard Act
McKinley's adoption of the bimetallic standard
An increase in the international gold supply
Populist fusion with the Democratic party
The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the frontier shaped America by:
killing off many of the most adventurous individuals
stimulating individualism, nationalism, and democracy
producing institutions very much like those of Europe
creating new opportunities for women
During the late 1800s, farmers supported free and unlimited coinage of silver mainly because they believed that it would lead to?
the establishment of government farm price supports
higher prices for farm products
the lowering of rates charged by railroads
lower prices for consumer goods
The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the?
Battle of Little Big Horn
Battle of Potowanamie Creek
Massacre at Sand Creek
Battle of Wounded Knee
The two factors that did most to stimulate rapid western settlement were?
the Homestead Act and the railroad
removal of the buffalo and Native Americans from the plains
the gold rushes and the rise of the great cattle kingdom
the removal of the Indians and the gold rushes
Open range ranching came to an end due to:
the range wars between cattlemen and sheepherders
increase in cattle production in the Midwest and East
fencing of the plains with barbed wire
overproduction of beef and declining prices
The basic economic motivation behind the coinage of silver was to:
encourage reduced production of agriculture products
ease the burden of debtors
increase foreign trade
encourage increased production of agriculture products
After the Granger laws ran into legal problems and were overturned in the case of Wabash v. Illiniois, Congress attempted to provide relief through the?
Sherman Antitrust Act
graduated income tax
Homestead Act
Interstate Commerce Act
Helen Hunt Jackson's book entitled "A Century of Dishonor" (1880) recounted?
American imperialism and its effects on the middle class
the atrocities of the Spanish-American War
the long record of broken treaties and injustices against American Indians
the abuses involving big business trusts in America
