What is the meaning of the root of the word for pharmacology (pharmakon) in the early Greek language?
Sleep
Antibiotic
Magic spell
History
Antidote
What is an apothecary?
a greenhouse for growing medicinal plants
a publication listing common medical preparations available in individual hospitals or communities
a science dealing with the preparation of herbal medications
forerunner of today's pharmacists in England
During what time frame of American history did the boundaries between physician and pharmacist become clearly delineated?
1492-1535 (settling of America)
1776-1784 (American Revolution)
1861-1865 (Civil War)
1914-1918 (World War I)
1939-1945 (World War II)
What organization was established in 1852 to counter the encroachment of other medical areas into pharmacy?
American Medical Association (AMA)
American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers of America (PMA)
International Association of Formulators and Dispensers (IAFD)
What is another term for a drug's United States Adopted Name (USAN)?
chemical
generic
trade
brand
What did the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 require of new drugs before they could be marketed in the United States?
safety
efficacy
nonaddictiveness
affordability
What phase of clinical trials is carried out after the drug has been approved for marketing?
phase I
phase II
phase III
phase IV
phase V
When is a drug studied in patients who have the condition that the drug is intended to treat?
Drugs from which FDA Pregnancy Category can safely be used in pregnant patients?
A
B
C
D
X
Into how many schedules are controlled substances categorized in the United States?
2
3
4
5
6
What is not true of FDA-approved generic drugs?
They must contain the same active ingredients as the original drug.
Although they may have a new generic name or USAN, generic drugs may keep the trade name of the original drug.
Generic drugs must be identical in strength, dosage form, and route of administration to the original drug.
They must have the same indications as the original drug.
Manufacturers of foods containing which ingredients may make health claims regarding the disease-fighting action of the food?
whole grains
simple carbohydrates
unsaturated fats
gluten
low fat
The first London pharmacopoeia, compiled in 1618,
contained recipes for various medical treatments.
eliminated many ridiculous drug preparations.
scientifically described and classified 600 plants by substance.
advocated curing illnesses with an herbal compound of an opposing quality.
described how drugs work on the body.
What event forced American physicians and druggists to make their own drugs?
French and Indian War
American Revolution
War of 1812
Civil War
World War I
The first chemical agent used to treat a disease was
carbolic acid
arsphenamine
insulin
prontosil
penicillin
Which task might a pharmacy technician in a hospital pharmacy perform?
prepare sterile IVs and chemotherapy compounds
conduct a "tech check tech" in the preparation of medicine carts
educate nurses about pharmacy-related issues
prepare and educate
all of them
What is the source of thyroid?
plants
animal products
minerals
synthetic materials
bioengineering
Professionals and consumers can report serious adverse drug reactions to
MedWatch.
the DEA.
the USP-NF.
the PTCB.
the NABP.
A Black Box warning
alerts prescribers to the known problems with the use of the drug.
allows the prescriber to weigh the advantage of using this drug with its risks.
is on thousands of drugs on the market.
all of them.
A rating system devised by the FDA to establish the therapeutic equivalent of generic drugs is the
pass/fail system.
+/- system.
thumbs-up system.
one/two system.
A/B system.
What can drugs combine with in addition to receptors?
enzymes
transport proteins
nucleic acids
What does the abbreviation ADME stand for?
agonist, dose, mechanism, endogenous
antagonist, distribution, mechanism, external
absorption, drug, metabolism, endogenous
absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
What form of a drug crosses cell membranes easily?
nonionized
ionized
both ionized and nonionized drugs cross cell membranes easily
neither ionized nor nonionized drugs readily cross cell membranes
By what process can one drug increase the metabolism of both itself and other drugs?
inhibition
bioavailability
first-pass
induction
affinity
What term is used to describe the phenomenon in which elevating a dose of drug no longer improves the clinical effect for that drug?
potency
ceiling effect
peak vs. trough effect
clearance
What is the elimination process of most drugs in which a constant fraction of the drug is eliminated per unit of time?
volume distribution
half-life
first-order
zero-order
If a drug has a half-life of 6 hours and a starting blood concentration of 100 mg/kg, how long will it take until the concentration of the drug in the blood is 25 mg/kg?
3 hours
6 hours
12 hours
24 hours
What term is used to describe a severe response to a chemical that is characterized by life-threatening respiratory distress and shock?
allergic sensitivity
anaphylactic reaction
idiosyncratic reaction
active immunity
Which statement is not true about receptors?
Receptors are protein molecules.
Receptors are located in extra-cellular fluid.
There are different types of receptors throughout the body.
Receptors and chemical messengers must have complementary structures to bind.
Receptors play a role in blood clotting and smooth muscle contraction.
What statement is true about lipids?
They are protein molecules.
They generally attract water.
They generally repel water.
They are not part of the cell membrane.
Which route of administration does not require absorption?
oral
topical
rectal
intravenous
transdermal
The first main phase of the pharmacokinetic process is
absorption of drug into bloodstream.
absorption of drug by the liver.
distribution of drug to organs and tissues.
metabolism of drug by the liver.
Which process involves bringing a drug to its sites of action?
elimination
absorption
distribution
metabolism
The rate at which a drug is eliminated from a specific volume of blood per unit of time is referred to as its
duration of action
Some drugs may be administered by injection because they have substantial
side effects.
therapeutic effects.
first-pass effects.
ceiling effects.
How can the length of time required to achieve a drug's therapeutic level be shortened?
accelerate the duration of action
analyze a patient blood sample and adjust dosage accordingly
vary doses and dosing intervals
administer a loading dose
A drug's clearance is important for determining the
loading dose.
maintenance dose.
first-pass effect
Taking more of your prescription painkillers than prescribed is an example of
drug dependence.
drug addiction.
drug abuse.
drug tolerance.
drug intolerance.
The label "Do not take with antacids" is placed on a prescription container to warn patients of a potential
drug interaction.
allergic response.
adverse side effect.
drug interaction and allergic response.
A person on calcium for osteoporosis also needs to take Vitamin D. Without Vitamin D, the calcium cannot get into the bone. The relationship between calcium and Vitamin D is an example of
addition.
antagonism.
potentiation.
synergism.
