Pat McMahon
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2nd Year Pharmacy Practice Exams Quiz sobre Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4), criado por Pat McMahon em 19-03-2019.

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Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4)

Questão 1 de 46

1

The EBM triad consists of which of the below?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Latest External Evidence

  • Individual Clinical Expertise

  • Family Values & Expectations

  • Patient Values & Expectations

  • Best External Evidence

Explicação

Questão 2 de 46

1

In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the MOST bias?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Level 1

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

  • Level 3

Explicação

Questão 3 de 46

1

In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the LEAST bias?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

  • Level 1

  • Level 3

Explicação

Questão 4 de 46

1

A systematic review of Level 2 studies would be classified as which Level of Evidence?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Level 3

  • Level 1

  • Level 2

Explicação

Questão 5 de 46

1

An Inception Cohort, Prospective cohort study and a cross-sectional study among consecutive presenting patients is considered which level of evidence?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Level 1

  • Level 3

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

Explicação

Questão 6 de 46

1

A cross sectional study among non-consectutive patients is considered which level of Evidence?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Level 4

  • Level 3

  • Level 2

  • Level 1

Explicação

Questão 7 de 46

1

Which of the following relate to the acronym P.I.C.O?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Intervention

  • Comparator/Control

  • Patient and Clinical Problem

  • Outcome

  • Population and Clinical Problem

  • Complications

Explicação

Questão 8 de 46

1

Clinical trials are experiments in Humans as well as animals.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 9 de 46

1

What is Bioavailability?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It is the fraction of dose which reaches the
    systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in the Body/Plasma Drug Concentration)

Explicação

Questão 10 de 46

1

What is 1st Pass Metabolism?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It is the fraction of dose which reaches the
    systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in
    body at equilibrium.

Explicação

Questão 11 de 46

1

What is Volume of Distribution?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in Body/Plamsa Drug Concentration)

  • Refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.

Explicação

Questão 12 de 46

1

Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the pancreas to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the pancreas.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 13 de 46

1

Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 14 de 46

1

In relation to Plasma Binding Protein. Which of the following best describe the concept?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Once all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug the protein can bind to a receptor causing the drug to be available for action.

  • Once all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug, any further drug in the plasma will be able to bind to a receptor.

  • Only once all the plasma protein binding sites are occupied by the drug can the drug be metabolised.

Explicação

Questão 15 de 46

1

What effects the Half-Life of a drug? (First-Order Kinetics)

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Metabolism

  • Hydration

  • Renal Excretion

  • Body mass

Explicação

Questão 16 de 46

1

What patient condition would merit a reduction in a drug?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Age

  • Liver Function

  • Body Mass

  • Alternative drug which competes for transporters

  • Another drug with induces enzymes that metabolise the drug

Explicação

Questão 17 de 46

1

To calculate the dose and dosing frequency correctly we use the half-life of the drug.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 18 de 46

1

What concept is associated with 'What the body does to the drug?'

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Phamacokinetics

  • Pharmacodynamics

Explicação

Questão 19 de 46

1

The concept of 'What the body does to the drug ' is usually called?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Pharmacodynamics

  • Pharmacokinetics

Explicação

Questão 20 de 46

1

What is meant by 'Affinity'?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors

  • It is the indication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule

Explicação

Questão 21 de 46

1

What is meant by 'Efficacy'?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors

  • Indication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule

Explicação

Questão 22 de 46

1

A non-competitive and competitive antagonist results in a?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Increased Response

  • Decreased Response

  • No response

  • Normal Response

Explicação

Questão 23 de 46

1

A non-selective drug is an example of?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Older Drugs, which typically effect more broadly

  • Designed drugs, which effect less and more specific sites

Explicação

Questão 24 de 46

1

What is meant by EC50?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the effect

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the maximal effect

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the minimal effect

Explicação

Questão 25 de 46

1

What occurs if the drug concentration is above the Therapeutic window?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Increase risk of side effects

  • This is normal when attempting to deal with a acute pathology

  • Reduced effectiveness of the drug

Explicação

Questão 26 de 46

1

What occurs if the drug concentration is below the Therapeutic window?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Reduced effectiveness of the drug

  • Increased risk of side effects

Explicação

Questão 27 de 46

1

Which of the following Drugs would be the most Potent?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • EC50 = 2

  • EC50 = 50

  • EC50 = 6

Explicação

Questão 28 de 46

1

Which relate to evidence that a drug is stored in tissue?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • An increase in the number of side effects produced by the drug

  • A decrease in the amount of free drug excreted in urine

  • An increase in plasma protein binding

  • A large Volume of Distribution (Vd)

Explicação

Questão 29 de 46

1

The intensity of the pharmacologic action of a drug is most dependant on the?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Elimination half-life (t1/2) of the drug

  • Minimum toxic concentration (MTC) of the drug in plasma

  • Concentration of the drug at the receptor site

  • Onset time of the drug after oral administration

  • Minimum effective concentration (MEC) of the drug in the body

Explicação

Questão 30 de 46

1

The initial distribution of a drug into tissue is determined chiefly by the...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Stomach emptying time

  • Rate of blood flow to the tissue

  • Plasma protein binding of the drug

  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

  • Affinity of the drug for the tissue

Explicação

Questão 31 de 46

1

The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead.

Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the change in bioavailability of the drug?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Increase

  • Decrease

  • Same - There is no change in the dosage amount

Explicação

Questão 32 de 46

1

The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead. However, you notice that they have liver disease.

Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the fact the patient has liver disease?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Increase

  • Decrease

  • Same - No change in the dose

Explicação

Questão 33 de 46

1

Clearance determines

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance dose required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval

Explicação

Questão 34 de 46

1

Volume of distribution determines

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance dose required to achieve the desired stead-state concentration

  • The dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval

Explicação

Questão 35 de 46

1

Half-Life determines

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • the dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & the dosage interval

Explicação

Questão 36 de 46

1

Clearance is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Dependant on the value of volume of distribution

  • Dependant on the value of half-life

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organ and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH Dependant on the value of volume of distribution & Dependant on the value of half-life

Explicação

Questão 37 de 46

1

The volume of distribution is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Dependant on the value of the clearance

  • Dependant on the value of half-life

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH Dependant on the value of the clearance & Dependant on the value of half-life

Explicação

Questão 38 de 46

1

The half-life is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • dependant on the value of volume of distribution

  • dependant on the value of clearance

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organs to extract the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH dependant on the value of volume of distribution & dependant on the value of clearance

Explicação

Questão 39 de 46

1

Pharmacokinetic models are useful to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • describe concentration-time data sets

  • predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration

  • calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)

  • BOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)

  • BOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life) AS WELL AS predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration

Explicação

Questão 40 de 46

1

Factors to be considered when prescribing the best drug dose of a patient include

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Age

  • Gender

  • Weight

  • other concurrent disease states and drug therapies

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 41 de 46

1

The Volume of distribution (Vd) of every drug equals the

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Blood Volume

  • Extracellular water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug

  • The drug amount in the body divided by the drug plasma concentration

  • The amount of the drug in the body divided by the extracellular volume

  • Total body volume minus the volume of bone

  • Total body water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug

Explicação

Questão 42 de 46

1

A 28 yr old man is being treated for AIDS with several oral drugs. He experiences significant weight loss due to AIDS-related wasting syndrome and diarrhoea. Which of the following pharmacokinetic parameters would be unchanged by the alterations in the patients body mass and composition?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Absorbtion

  • Bioavailability

  • First-Pass metabolism

  • Steady-state plasma concentration

  • Volume of Distribution

Explicação

Questão 43 de 46

1

Which of the following factors will determine the number of drug-receptor complexes formed?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Efficacy of the drug

  • Receptor affinity for the drug

  • Therapeutic index of the drug

  • Half-Life of the drug

  • Rate of renal secretion

Explicação

Questão 44 de 46

1

Which of the following best describes an antagonist?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Binds to a receptor and causes the activation of intracellular cascades

  • Binds to a receptor and mimics the effects of neurotransmitters

  • Binds to a receptor without activating intracellular cascades

  • Binds to receptors causing the opposite effects on second messenger production than an agonist

  • Binds to receptors usually in a site distinct from agonist

Explicação

Questão 45 de 46

1

Which statement best describes a partial agonist?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A partial agonist irreversibly binds to receptors

  • The effects of a partial agonist cannot be overcome by increasing agonist concentration

  • A partial agonist binds to and does not effect the protein conformation of the receptor

  • A partial agonist has less maximal effect than a full agonist

  • A partial agonist will not antagonise the effects of a full agonist

Explicação

Questão 46 de 46

1

Drug A and Drug B bind to the same receptor (Z). Drug A has a higher affinity for receptor Z than Drug B.

Which statement below is correct regarding these drugs?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A higher concentration of drug A is required to occupy half the receptors than concentration of drug B.

  • Under no condition can drug B produce the same maximal effect as drug A

  • Under no condition can drug A produce the same maximal effect as drug B

  • The equilibrium disassociation constant (Kd) is lower for drug A than drug B

  • Drug B is more potent than Drug A

Explicação

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