Why did President Franklin Roosevelt undermine the goals of the London Economic Conference, causing it to collapse?
Its members insisted on a rigid adherence to the gold standard
Any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America's recovery from depression
Any agreement emanating from the conference would necessarily involve the United States militarily with the League of Nations
The delegates refused to work on reviving trade
Which of the following represented a partial motivation for President Roosevelt's decision to diplomatically recognize the Soviet Union?
It was an attempt to win favor with American liberals and leftists
It was a diplomatic reward to the Soviet Union for modifying its repressive communist policies
President Roosevelt hoped that diplomatic recognition would serve as a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany
It was an effort to open opportunities for American investment in Siberian oil fields
All of the following marked President Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America EXCEPT:
withdrawal of American troops from Haiti
partial release of the American political and military stranglehold over Panama
a formal endorsement of non-intervention in Latin American affairs at the Seventh Pan-American Conference in 1933
using the threat of armed intervention to uphold American oil companies' interests in Mexico
Which of the following best characterizes the foreign trade policy of President Franklin Roosevelt?
Lowering U.S. tariffs to increase trade
Increasing U.S. tariffs to protect American industry and agriculture
Continuing the tariff rates and schedules of the Hawley-Smoot law
Postponing any adjustments to trade policy until after the onset of World War II
Roosevelt torpedoed the London Economic Conference in 1933 because:
he wanted to concentrate primarily on the recovery of the American domestic economy
he saw the hand of Hitler and Mussolini behind the conference's proposals
he was firmly committed to the gold standard
he wanted economic cooperation only between the United States and Britain, not the rest of Europe.
Seeking to withdraw from overseas commitments and colonial expense, the United States in 1934 promised future independence to:
Puerto Rico
Hawaii
The Philippines
Cuba
Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America included:
a substantial program of American economic aid for Latin American countries
a renunciation of American intervention in Mexico or elsewhere in the region
American military intervention to block German influence in Argentina and Brazil
American acceptance of radical governments in Cuba and Panama
The immediate response of most Americans to the rise of the Fascist dictators Mussolini and Hitler was:
a call for a new military alliance to contain aggression
a focus on political cooperation with Britain and the Soviet Union
support for the Spanish government against Fascist rebels
a deeper commitment to remain isolated from European problems
Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 and the overall congressional efforts to maintain U.S. neutrality in Europe resulted to all of the following EXCEPT:
a decline in the U.S. Navy and other armed forces
prohibiting the U.S. Government from making a critical distinction between aggressor nations and the countries victimized by unprovoked aggression
spurred aggressor nations to become bolder on their paths of conquest
balancing the scales between dictators and U.S. allies by trading with neither
What was one critical by-product of America's neutrality policy during the Spanish Civil War in 1936-1939?
It facilitated a fascist victory in Spain by General Franco that encouraged dictators in Germany and Japan to undertake further military aggression in Europe and Asia
It permitted the Loyalists to win the Spanish Civil War
It did nothing to prevent Hitler from ultimately conquering Spain
It prevented any military assistance being given to the Loyalist cause by the Soviet Union
What did Britain and France hope would result from the signing of the Munich Agreement with Adolf Hitler in March 1938?
Britain and France hoped that their consenting to Germany's military occupation and political incorporation of the Czech Sudetenland would prevent a European war.
Britain and France hoped that they could break the alliance between Hitler and Mussolini
Britain and France hoped that the Munich Agreement would persuade Germany to withdraw from and restore political sovereignty to Austria
Britain and France hoped that the United States would soon sign a military alliance pact tying the defense of Britain and France to America
The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 provided that:
the United States would remain neutral in a war between Britain and Germany
Americans could not sail on a belligerent ship, sell munitions, or make loans to a nation at war
no belligerent could conduct propaganda campaigns, sell goods, or make loans within the United States
the United States would support the neutral efforts to end the wars in China and Ethiopia
The effect of the strict American arms embargo on the civil war between the Loyalist Spanish government and Franco's Fascist rebels was:
to encourage a negotiated political settlement between the warring parties
to strengthen the Spanish government's ability to resist Franco
to push the British and French to intervene in the Spanish Civil War
to cripple the Loyalist government while the Italians and Germans armed Franco
The policy of appeasing the Fascist dictators reached its low point in 1938 when Britain and France "sold out" Czechoslovakia to Hitler in the conference at:
Geneva
Versailles
Munich
Prague
The "cash and carry" Neutrality Act of 1939 was designed to:
guarantee that Americans would not benefit either side in World War II
enable American merchants to provide loans and shipping to the Allies
prepare America for involvement in the war
help Britain and France by letting them buy supplies and munitions in the United States
The "destroyers-for-bases" deal of 1940 provided that:
the United States would give Britain 50 American destroyers in exchange for eight British bases
the United States would give Britain bases in North America in exchange for 50 British destroyers
if American entered the war it would receive eight bases in Britain in exchange for American Destroyers
the British would transfer captured French destroyers to the United States in exchange for the use of American bases in East Asia
The twin events that precipitated the reversal of American policy from neutrality to active, though non-belligerent, support of the Allied cause were:
the Munich Conference and the invasion of Poland
the fall of France and the Battle of Britain
the fall of Poland and the invasion of Norway
the invasion of the Soviet Union and the German submarine attacks on American shipping
Which of the following nations was NOT conquered by Hitler's Germany between September 1939 and June 1940?
Norway
Poland
Finland
France
Which of the following best characterizes the efforts made by the U.S. government in the late 1930s and early 1940s to save Jewish refugees from the Holocaust?
Very limited U.S. Government assistance to save a relatively small number of European Jews from the Holocaust
A substantial military, diplomatic, and economic effort to accept as many Jews as possible from occupied Europe
An effective use of secret diplomacy and covert intelligence operations to smuggle substantial numbers of Jews out of Nazi-occupied Europe
Collaborating closely with Jewish rescue organizations to accept large numbers of beleaguered Jewish refugees, such as those stranded on the ship "St. Louis"
What event prompted the American government to take immediate steps to upgrade its military preparedness for war and abandon the pretense of neutrality in Europe?
Germany's invasion and occupation of Denmark and Norway
Germany's invasion and occupation of Poland
France's falling to Germany
The overrunning of Belgium and the Netherlands by Nazi Germany
Which of the following best characterizes the attitude of a strong majority of the American public, at the end of 1940, concerning America's proper role with regard to the war in Europe?
Solid support for a declaration of war against Germany to save Britain
Solid support for sending a large American expeditionary force to help Britain stave off Nazi Germany
Solid support for shipping Britain everything except military weapons
Solid support for providing Britain with all economic and military aid short of war
In the campaign of 1940, Republican nominee Willkie agreed with Roosevelt on the issue of:
The New Deal
The third term
Roosevelt's use of power in office
Foreign policy
The Lend Lease Act clearly marked:
the end of isolationist opposition to Roosevelt's foreign policy
an end to the pretense of American neutrality between Britain and Germany
a secret Roosevelt plan to involve the United States in war with Japan
a lack of involvement by Congress in Roosevelt's foreign policy
The provisions of the Atlantic Charter signed by Roosevelt and Churchill in 1941 included:
self-determination for oppressed peoples and a new international peacekeeping organization
a permanent alliance between Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union
a pledge to rid the world of dictators and to establish democratic governments in Germany and Italy
an agreement to oppose Soviet communism, but only after Hitler was defeated
By the fall of 1941, American warships were being attacked by German destroyers near the coast of:
Spain
Ireland
Iceland
Canada
The key issue in the failed negotiations with Japan just before Pearl Harbor was:
the refusal of the Japanese to withdraw their navy from Hawaiian waters
Americans' insistence on their right to expand naval power in Asia
the Japanese refusal to withdraw from China
the Japanese refusal to guarantee the security of the Philippines
