In the northern hemisphere, when is the normal breeding season of the mare?
March to August
August to November
They breed year-round
November to March
How does increased day length affect the hormonal pathway of estrus in the mare?
It stimulates the pineal gland to produce less melatonin which acts on the anterior pituitary to produce FSH
It stimulates the pineal gland to produce more melatonin which acts on the hypothalamus to produce GnRH
It stimulates the pineal gland to produce less melatonin which acts on the hypothalamus to produce GnRH
It stimulates the pineal gland to produce more melatonin which acts on the anterior pituitary to produce FSH
It stimulates the pineal gland to produce less melatonin which acts on the anterior pituitary to produce LH
It stimulates the pineal gland to produce more melatonin which acts on the anterior pituitary to produce LH
How long is the oestrus cycle in the mare?
21 days
14 days
28 days
35 days
How long is a mare in the oestrus phase of her cycle?
5-7 days
7-14 days
2-3 days
1 day
7-9 days
Which of the following would NOT manipulate the oestrus cycle of a mare?
Lights
Dopamine agonist
Rising plane of nutrition
Green grass effect
A mare has not been cycling properly and it exhibiting stallion-like behavior. Her inhibin levels are over 120 and her AMH levels are over 15. On ultrasound, you find her ovaries have a honeycomb like appearance. What do you diagnose the mare with?
Anovulatory follicles
Luteal ovarian cysts
Granulosa Theca Cell Tumor
Follicular ovarian cysts
When grading endometriosis with the Kenney biopsy scale, which grade do you expect the histopathology to show inflammation, fibrosis and reversible changes?
Category 1
Category 2A
Category 2B
Category 3
Category 4
Which of the following is a notifiable disease in horses?
Equine Infectious Anaemia
Equine Viral Arteritis
Contagious Equine Metritis
Klebsiella pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Equine Herpes Virus
Strangles
Dourine
A clitoral swab is used to test for what diseases?
Klebsiella pnemonia
Clitoral Swabs are used on which part of the clitoris?
Fossa
Sinus
Both fossa and sinus
What notifiable disease has venereal transmission and is spread by Trypanosoma equiperdum?
Equine Coital Exanthema
A caslicks procedure is done to
correct any abnormal vulval conformations
correct any abnormal perineum conformations
correct any abnormal clitoral conformations
When using an ultrasound, at what part of the mare's oestrus cycle does her uterus look firm, have a high tone and is a muscular tube?
Anoestrus
Dioestrus
Oestrus
Which horse breed must always be bred using natural cover?
Thoroughbreds
Ponies
Cobs
Arabs
Which is FALSE regarding foal heat breeding?
It occurs in the first oestrus after foaling (approx 5-10 days after)
It usually has higher conception rates than breeding during a mare's normal cycle
It will bring next years foaling date forward
The mare can short cycle off foal heat
When is the ideal timing of insemination when using frozen semen in horses?
48 hours before ovulation
24 hours before ovulation
12 hours before ovulation
24 hours after ovulation
12 hours after ovulation
What structure attaches the epididymis and testes to the scrotum?
spermatic cord
gubernaculum
mesorchium
suspensory ligament
ischiocavernous muscle
When is a stallion sexually mature?
6 months
10-12 months
12-15 months
14-18 months
22-24 months
In the stallion, where is spermatozoa stored?
cranial epididymis
prostate
ampulla
bulbourethral gland
What attaches the penis at the root?
corpus spongiosum
A "cut proud" cryptorchid refers to
a unilaterally retained testcile in the inguinal canal
an incomplete castration where usually the epidymal tissue remains
bilaterally retained testicles found at the caudal pole of the kidney
an incomplete castration where usually part of the testicular tissue remains
What is the most common type of castration in the horse?
open
closed
What is the average gestation length in a mare pregnancy?
340 days
300 days
350 days
275 days
360 days
260 days
What type of placenta does a mare have?
Diffuse epitheliochorial
DIffuse endotheliochorial
Cotyledonary epitheliochorial
Cotyledonary endotheliochorial
When does implantation of the conceptus occur in a mare pregnancy post-conception?
D14
D20
D8
D22
D5
What is FALSE regarding the hormonal control of pregnancy in the mare?
eCG is produced from endometrial cups
eCG levels persist until 120-150d through gestation
when the mobile conceptus implants, it promotes a secondary ovulation from the mare
foetal oestrone sulphate increases in foetal compromise and prepartum
What stimulates parturition in the horse?
foetal cortisol
maternal cortisol
maternal prostaglandins
foetal prostaglandins
