L13 Asthma

Asthma is an ❌ dysfunction, an ❌ response to a non-pathogenic antigen, therefore an atopic or allergic immune response.
• Type ❌ hypersensitivity
• Antibody – ❌
• ❌ – T cells, B cells, mast cells, eosinophils
• 2 phases – ❌ & inflammation

The ❌ is the relationship between ashtma, atopic dermatitis(AD) and allergic rhinitis(AR) in children. Children with one ❌ condition often will also have ❌.
Food ❌ also occurs frequently in children with AD or ❌ AD.

The first stage of asthma pathology is the ❌. A ❌ cell in the lungs encounters an allergen and becomes activated, then travels to a ❌ node. T cell activation and ❌ occurs, which releases ❌, and activates B cells. B cells proliferate and release ❌ antibodies.
The second stage is inflammation. IgE coated/sensitised ❌ cells and eosinophils in the lungs encounter the allergen and ❌, releasing histamines, proteases, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins which inflame the airways.

Non-atopic asthma, also known as ❌ asthma, is asthma ❌ atopy. A skin test will be ❌. Commonly in women, and usually in adults.
There are some differences (debated); the presence of ❌ lymphoid cells (ILCs), and ❌ IgE, for example.
Neutrophilic asthma is another type. It is usually ❌ onset and ❌ severe, and less reversible. There are some differences; ❌ rather than Th2, ❌ rather than eosinophils. It is corticosteroid ❌.
Occupational asthma is another type.

The pathophysiology of asthma includes inflammation, hyperresponsiveness/bronchoconstriction, oedema, and remodelling. Inflammation is quite complex and impacts ❌ decision. Hyperresponsiveness is ❌ early on and can be measured. Oedema is due to ❌ hypersecretion. Airway remodelling is associated with a progressive, ❌ loss of lung function. It includes the thickening of the ❌ membrane, fibrosis, airway smooth muscle ❌ and hyperplasia, angiogenesis, and mucus gland hyperplasia.

In conventional asthma treatment and management, we:
- Abolish symptoms - ❌ (relievers)
- Restore best possible airway function - anti-inflammatory drugs (❌)
- Practice allergen ❌