How does Gilley define legitimacy? (pick 4)
The voluntary submission to power systems in whose validity the subject behaves
Might and right
Elusive as important
Requires popularity, consent, and democracy
Type of political support grounded in common good of shared moral evaluation
Concerns the right to rule
Involves the effective exercise of political power
What are the four legitimacy mandates?
Consociationalism/consensus model, Majority mandate model, Median mandate model, and Working mandate model
Consociationalism/consensus model, Median mandate model, Working mandate model, and Mixed mandate model
Working mandate model, Mixed mandate model, Plurality mandate model, and Proportional mandate model
Majority mandate model, Mixed mandate model, Plurality mandate model, and Proportional mandate model
What are the six essential components of free and fair elections in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
Transparent elections
Encouragement of full citizen participation
Parties that operate freely
Independent media
The possibility of defeating the incumbent
Impartial and independent judicial system
Proportional representation
Social capital refers to social organisation (networks, norms, social trust) which facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit.
How does identity politics fit into the culture and rational choice theory?
The belief about the world and the belief about a desire produces action.
Desire and beliefs produce action.
People will choose the most rational choice, regardless if it goes against their political interests.
Desire is a constant product of nature.
What are the criticisms of identity politics? (pick 5)
Essentialism
Overly sensitive
Creates disunity
Diverts attention from core locations of oppression
Petty version of nationalism
Doesn't achieve goals quick enough
Eliminates false consciousness
Demands restitution for historial wrongs
What are the purposes of political parties?
Political recruitment
Interest representation
Polarising society
Maintaining consistency
Allowing more political choice
What are the two types of welfare states?
Residual welfare state and Institutional welfare state
Residual welfare state and Liberal welfare state
Institutional welfare state and Social Democratic welfare state
Liberal welfare state and Social Democratic welfare state
State Provisions welfare state and Private Provisions welfare state
What are the three types of civic culture discussed in the lectures?
Parochial culture
Subject culture
Participant culture
Parent culture
Political culture
Which 'Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism' is stigma attached to?
Liberal
Conservative
Social Democractic
What does the Esping-Andersen model look at?
De-commodification, stratification, and the three types of welfare states
The economy, electoral system, and social expediture
Social democracies, proportional representation, and commodification
Commodification, capitalism, and conservatives
Commodification, social order, and the three types of welfare states
What is welfare? (pick all that apply)
Support for the unemployed, elderly, ill, disabled, parents, and veterans.
State provisions
Private provisions
Different meanings in different national contexts
Neo-liberal policy
What is the civil law code?
Laws concerning private property rights and family law
Set of laws governing marriage, divorce, inheritance, and children
Country's political system's way of shaping, promoting, checking and absorbing challenges from civil society
Establishes the organs of government, basic powers, and limits governmental procedures
What is Duverger's law?
Plurality rule elections structured within single member districts tend to favour a two-party system
People will naturally try to attempt to free-ride the system, benefiting from other peoples' efforts without contributing to collective mobilisation
Politicians are self interested and will act corrupt in a system without checks and balances
Countries experiencing economic growth and cultural change will become more democratic
What is the European Council responsible for?
Making crucial decisions
Defines the direction the EU takes
Controls foreign policy and security polcies
Convincing smaller states of their pre-decided decisions
Deals with the budget and expenditures
Represents the populations of member states
What are the responsibilities of the European Commission?
Manages the budget and expenditures
Political supervision
Legislation
Controls foreign and security policies
Promoting national interest
What characterises thin legitimacy?
Normative legitimacy
Based on input, common values, norms, and ideology
Instrumental, rational legitimacy
Based on output and performance
How does social media positively impact political change?
More accessible information available
Enhances citizen participation
Decline of party membership
Rise of 'anti-social' media
Participation in politics from home
What are the three sources of legitimacy as described by Weber?
Rational-legal
Traditional
Charismatic
Justifications
Consent
What are the four theoretical approaches to European Integration?
Supranationalism, Neo-functionalism, Inter-governmentalism, and Multilevel governance
Neo-liberalism, Multilevel governance, Federalism, and Supranationalism
Unitarism, Neo-liberalism, Functionalism, and Inter-governmentalism
Neo-functionalism, Federalism, Inter-governmentalism, and Neo-liberalism
Putnam's thesis is that...
The reduction of civic engagement and growing distrust is a result of the decline in social capital and social interactions
Low economic growth means capital returns on capital will outstrip other returns
Women are more likely to vote more conservative than men, due to religiosity, different labour force participation, and social roles
As societies become more democratic and liberal, more women are more likely to vote liberal than men
How does mixed member majoritarian (MMM) differ from Mixed Member Proportional (MMP)?
In MMP, seats are first filled by electorate winners and then the list, while in MMM, district and list seats are separate
In MMP, district and list seats are distributed proportionally, while in MMM, they are distributed equally and together
MMM can result in zombie politicians, while MMP prevents this
In MMP, parties are given a number of seats based on the proportion of votes, while in MMM, they are single seat districts
What characterises the modern approach to party formation?
No party membership, single issue and third parties
Formed within legislative, top-down
Formed outside of legislative, support from civil societies
Formed within legislative from support from civil societies
Gerrymandering is...
is the manipulation of district boundaries to capture the votes in favour political appointees
when one benefits from other people's efforts without contributing to collective mobilisation
when people go to multiple poling stations to try and influence the outcome of the vote
To what is ultranationalist identity politics a reaction to?
Conservation as an ideology of loss and unification in the fear of the other
Conservation of national economy and fear of Americanisation
Fear of rising unemployment and an increased influx of migration
Fear of loss of tradition and shift towards neo-liberalist policies
Commodification and capitalism is a modern phenomenon and a product of political choice.
Which is not a criticism of Almond and Verba's take on civic culture discussed on the lecture?
Marxism without the criticism
Democratic involvement is the domain of the white middle class male
No such thing 'national culture'
More prescriptive than objective
Legitimacy crisis is...
The perceived inability of an established democracy to overcome problems of social alienation and economic slowdown
Most citizens do not see their government as a legitimate institution
The elected party in a non-democratic nation has the consent of the citizens, but is not popular
Plurality rule elections tend to favour a two-party system
Decisions are made by the Council of Ministers by a plurality system
The European Parliament is the only official political supranational institute.
What are the five characteristics Jacques Delors describes of European integration?
Ever larger and more diverse
Increasing scope of policy making
More formal process of treaty revision
More complex
More/less democratic
More condensed
More fragmented
Instrumental legitimacy concerns nationalism, collectivism, history, and ethnicity
Access to free media will leads to democratisation and more freedoms.
Which is not a recent concern over European integration discussed in the lecture?
Legitimacy deficit
Question of political autonomy
Responsiveness, Transparency, Accountability,
Increase of states active in banking
Euroscepticism
Exiting of member states
Homogenisation and loss of language and culture
Problem of identity
Which institutions are part of the institutional triangle council?
European Council
European Commission
European Parliament
Council of Ministers
What are the arguments against political mobilisation through social media and regime change?
Promotes weak ties and slacktivism
There is an absence of strategic leadership
Distracts from real activism
Undermines the essence of pro-democracy struggle
Overcrowds debate and public opinion
Too much access to false information
When a voter ranks candidates based on the order in which they appear on the ballot is called a zombie vote
In order to win a seat in a First Past the Post system, a candidate must get more than half the votes.
