Charlie is a 10-year-old boy who will eat only mashed foods, does not like noises (e.g., he gets upset when the phone rings), and has difficulty sitting during meals. Charlie's parents report that he does not like new clothes and cannot wear jeans. What type of sensory integrative problem does Charlie have?
Dyspraxia
Poor sensory discrimination and perception
Problems related to vestibular-proprioceptive functions
Sensory modulation problems
Which of the following SI terms refers to a achieving an internal state of “homeostasis” or the ability to achieve the ultimate state of arousal?
Adaptation
Threshold
Modulation
Registration
You observe 5 year old Johnny. You note that he does not like to have his hair washed, does not like to go on playground equipment, such as the see saw or swings, and seems to be very cautious in his movements. Which of the following is Johnny MOST LIKELY exhibiting?
Gravitational Insecurity
Hyposensitivity to movement
High threshold for vestibular input
Low threshold for tactile input
Which system detects head position and movement as well as gravity and pertains to the inner ear receptors, the semicircular canals, and the otolith organs?
Proprioceptive
Vestibular
Somatosensory
Ideation
Mary is 9 years old and does not adjust her body position well for various school activities. She is unable to move her feet without looking at them and is frequently bumping into things. With what is she experiencing difficulty?
Tactile defensiveness
sensory defensiveness
sequencing
poor proprioceptive awareness
Motor planning and praxis mean the same and are used interchangeably.
True
False
What is Ayres's definition of sensory integration?
Intricate synaptic connections
Organization of sensation for use
The development of programmed movement patterns, such as crawling and walking
Perceiving one sensation as another, e.g., perceiving a specific taste when a certain color is seen
Which type of sensory input can be both calming and alerting depending upon what the body needs and includes the use of “heavy work” activities?
Olfactory
Gustatory
Which statement is not true concerning dyspraxia?
Ayres found a relationship between tactile perception and praxis
Not all dyspraxia is sensory integrative in nature.
Dyspraxia is difficulty conceptualizing, planning, and executing movement.
Somatodyspraxia is a degenerative disorder.
proprioceptive
vestibular
somatosensory
ideation
Max is a 12-month-old boy who is just learning to walk. He stands for short periods, sees his favorite toy, and takes one step and falls. The therapist places the favorite toy two steps away the next time. Which term describes this concept?
Just-right challenge
Sensory integration
You are working with a child who doesn’t like the tags in his shirt, seams in his sock, and touching “messy media” such as finger paints and shaving cream. He is MOST LIKELY exhibiting which of the following?
Hyposensitivity for tactile input
A high threshold for proprioceptive input
Hypersensitivity for tactile input
A low threshold for proprioceptive input
Lisa is an 8-year-old girl who bumps into things frequently, bears down hard on her pencil at school, and stands very close to her friends. Lisa gets in trouble in school because she is always "talking herself through" her handwriting homework. Lisa likes to play rough at home and is frequently called a bully by her younger brother. What type of dysfunction does this scenario depict?
Poor proprioceptive awareness
Auditory processing problems
The chapter about sensory integration in the text by Kramer & Hinojosa outlines the 10 basic postulates (beliefs or principles) in the evolving theoretical base of sensory integration. Each postulate supports the theoretical base which states that it is critical the therapist promotes growth and development toward the outcomes of the sensory integration process. Which of the following principles are defined in the chapter?
An optimal state of arousal is a prerequisite for adaptive responses to occur.
Sensory integration occurs during adaptive responses.
Adaptive responses must be directed toward the child's current developmental level.
All of the above
Which is the best example of an "adaptive response"?
Increased strength after a program of using weights
Ability to hold on and pump a swing higher and longer.
Improved handwriting after practice exercises
Enhanced accuracy in throwing a ball when wearing weight cuffs
The chapter about sensory integration in the Kramer & Hinojsa, 2010, text identifies the theory of sensory integration combines concepts from which field(s)?
Neuroscience
Psychology
Occupational therapy
Which of the following end product abilities of sensory integration treatment is considered the “highest level” or the “ultimate goal”?
Improved academics
successful participation across environments
Improved behavior
Improved activity level across environments
The Kramer & Hinojsa (2010) text reviews the idea that sensory integration theory considers all of the sensory systems as important contributors to behavior and learning. However, sensory integration theory emphasizes which "body-related senses?
Tactile, vestibular, and proprioception
Auditory, visual and tactile
Visual, auditory and vestibular
tactile, vestibular and auditory
Which statement reflects Ayres's theory of central nervous system (CNS) organization?
Critical aspects of sensory integration are seated in the higher levels of the CNS (i.e., cortex).
The brain stem assumes a directive role and inhibits lower levels of the CNS.
Increased efficiency at the levels of the brainstem and thalmus enhances higher-order functioning.
The higher levels of the CNS (cortex) replace lower-level functions(i.e., brainstem and thalmus)
How did Ayres view sensory input?
Nourishment for the brain
An optional addition to therapy
Technique to reward child at end of therapy
Key to improving orthopedic conditions
When skills are learned in a natural setting, they are more likely to be generalized in more activities and environments.
What determines eligibility of early intervention services?
Standardized assessments
Norm-referenced developmental checklists
Parent request
Informed clinical opinion
When does planning begin to support the transition from IFSP (Part C) to IEP (Part B)?
12 months
18 months
24 months
30 months
At what age should a child begin to extend familiar actions to dolls and figures?
12-16 months
18-24 months
24-36 months
30-36 months
What service delivery model best addresses the needs of children from birth through two who have an established risk, have a developmental delay, or are considered to be environmentally or biologically at risk?
Early Intervention
School-based practice
Clinic-based practice
Hospital-based practice
What is the most important childhood occupation
self care
handwriting
Play
Feeding
Which behavior is not a sign of stress in premature infants?
Sucking
Hiccup
Finger splaying
Gaze aversion
Which of the following does not apply when creating an outcome for an IFSP?
Discipline specific
Jargon free
Positive emphasis
Contextualized settings
What is an IFSP?
Individualized Family Service Plan
Instrumental Family Service Plan
Instrumental Family Service Provider
Individualized Functional Satisfaction Plan
At what age should a child begin to walk well?
6-12 months
12-18 months
24-30 months
By what age should a child begin to explore objects?
2-6 months
8-10 months
10-12 months
You arrive at your next home visit and find that the baby is sleeping but the family still wants you to come in for your visit. What can you as the OT do during that time according to the types of services that can be provided?
Provide family support and education to help facilitate the baby’s development.
Suggest that the baby be awakened to provide services according to the IFSP and goal page.
Reschedule the visit during the baby’s awake time so you can treat the baby at the next visit.
Suggest the parents call the center and schedule a visit for a make-up session.
Which of the following factors that is the top priority for premature infants in the NICU?
Parental bonding
Breast feeding
Sleep
Kangaroo care
What is the least “natural environment” for therapy to take place in early intervention?
A clinic
The home
A park
Grandparent’s home
At what age does the suck-swallow reflex emerge?
10-12 weeks gestation
28-30 weeks gestation
33-35 weeks gestation
at birth
Family-centered care is often a hallmark approach in pediatric hospitals. It is characterized by all of the following, but not
Clear descriptions in communicating evaluation results.
Input from family on expected intervention outcomes.
Mutually agreed upon treatment plan.
Family led team meetings.
Occupational therapists in hospital settings may be characterized as addressing which of the following?
Common disorders that necessitate specialty equipment.
Low frequency but highly complex medical conditions.
Chronic medical conditions with developmental complications
Acute medical problems that need preventive care.
What are the most common reasons for extended hospital care?
ADHD
Respiratory problems
Flu
Motor challenges
Which adaptation is best to help a child who is having difficulty with cardiac functioning?
Electronic powered wheelchair
Scheduling and pacing tasks
reachers
enlarged handles
Assistive devices can be used to enable or enhance functional skills, and can generally be used when:
Ensuring safety and immediate or permanent functional recovery.
Funding is available.
Recovery of physical capacities is not possible.
Substitution for skill limitations are needed
What type of hospital serves the community's needs, both adult and pediatric? Trauma Center Children's Hospital General Hospital No answer text provided.
Trauma Center
Children's Hospital
General Hospital
No answer text provided.
Teamwork in hospital settings is common. Specific relationships within teams may vary based on child and family needs. What style of teamwork is most commonly employed within occupational therapy services?
Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches
Special care consultation
Family-centered consultation and care
Multidisciplinary care
Evaluations by OT's in hospital settings may include a number of approaches and techniques. Select the sequence most commonly used in medical settings.
Role assessment, functional capacities, skill observation, physical measures
Physical examination, objective measures, occupational role appraisal, occupational attitudes
Clinical interview, clinical observation, physical examination, standardized assessments.
Goal setting, occupational performance skills, physical capacities, context appraisal
What is the primary focus of the occupational therapist working in the pediatric hospital setting?
re-entry into the community
child's independence with ADLs
choosing adaptive equipment
evaluation and discharge planning
Transition services are an important part of discharge from a hospital program for the OT.
