Risk assessment is
the probability of suffering harm from a hazard that can cause injury, disease, death, economic loss, or damage.
deciding whether or how to reduce a particular risk to a certain level and at what cost.
the scientific process of using statistical methods to estimate how much harm a particular hazard can cause to human health or to the environment.
a mathematical statement about how likely it is that harm will be suffered from a hazard.
HIV is considered a/an
communicable disease.
all of the choices
transmissible disease.
infectious disease.
One major problem of infectious diseases is that they
can be spread by so many pathways: water, food, and body fluids.
are so incredibly difficult to identify.
are very difficult to treat.
are often misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated.
Causing the deaths of many children under the age of five by dehydration, this disease is
HIV.
diphtheria.
diarrhea.
hepatitis.
Ethyl alcohol, found in alcoholic beverages, can cause harm or birth defects to a fetus or embryo. Because of its effects, it is called both a toxic chemical and a
carcinogen.
teratogen.
mutagen.
A global strategy to slow the spread of AIDS (according to the World Health Organization) has this priority:
provide HIV testing for people in high-risk groups.
reduce the number of new infections below the number of deaths.
concentrate on those most likely to spread the disease.
Chemicals that specifically harm the human nervous system are called
teratogens.
mutagens.
toxic chemicals.
neurotoxins.
Hormonally active agents (HAAs)
are hormone mimics that can disrupt or impair reproductive systems and sexual development.
are beneficial chemicals found in nature that enhance healthy endocrine systems.
are substances produced by the body that enhance healthy endocrine systems.
have been identified as ingredients in plastic toys; U.S. researchers are in agreement that these toys are a threat, so all such products are no longer being produced.
Toxicology is
the manufacture of toxic chemicals for pesticides and herbicides.
the study of the harmful effects of chemicals on humans.
the study of toxic chemicals and their structure.
Several factors can affect the level of harm caused by a chemical. Which is not one of these?
biological magnification
solubility
state of health
persistence
A person is exposed to a certain substance and feels an immediate reaction. Her reaction is
clearly dependent on the toxicity of the chemical she was exposed to.
called a chronic reaction.
called an acute reaction.
clearly dependent on the dose she was exposed to.
Animal testing is giving way to cheaper, faster, and more humane methods. Which is not one of these?
cultures skin tests on human volunteers
testing individual animal cells
testing chicken membranes
computer simulations and testing with tissue
All natural chemicals are safe.
The greatest risk in life is
lifestyle choices.
running an assembly line on a factory floor.
poverty.
It has been said that most people don't know how to evaluate risks. Which of the following has the highest risk associated with it?
being killed by a gun
smoking one pack of cigarettes per day
motorcycling
being struck by lightning
In order to test the effects of potentially harmful chemicals, experiments often
use animals in place of people. The results are then applied to humans.
use people, but use extremely low doses of the chemicals.
use safe chemicals that have similar properties as those of the potentially harmful chemicals.
rely solely on computer simulations.
Generally, there is no waste in nature.
Wastes that threaten human health or the environment because they are poisonous, dangerously chemically reactive, corrosive, or flammable are
industrial wastes.
solid wastes.
hazardous wastes.
municipal wastes.
