A scientist chemically analyzes the plasma membrane of a cell. He determines that it is an animal cell because he finds that it contains
cholesterol molecules
phospholipids
proteins
cellulose
chitin
During interphase, chromosomes are not visible because
they condense and form circular bodies
they move into the cytoplasm and attach to ribosomes
they attach to the nuclear envelope
they move into the cytoplasm to form the endoplasmic reticulum
they unwind for replication and transcription
The plant cells responsible for increases in the length of roots are located in the
apical meristem
vascular cambium
cork cambium
secondary xylem
primary phloem
Natural selection occurs for all the following reasons except
resources are limited
traits are inherited
there is variation in traits among individuals in a population
individuals change in order to adapt
individuals compete for resources
In the hydrological cycle, plants transfer most of their water to the environment through
photosynthesis
respiration
dentrification
nitrification
transpiration
Asci, perithecia, and hyphae characterize which of the following groups?
algae
bacteria
cyanobacteria
slime molds
fungi
Which of the following correctly describes DNA polymerase activity?
It can operate in either the 3' -> 5' or 5' -> 3' direction.
It can initiate DNA replication.
It operates continuously without interruption on either DNA strand.
It can copy a mutation from the template strand to the replicate strand.
It requires no other enzymes to assemble DNA.
During photosynthesis, the pH inside the thylakoid
decreases as O2 enters the thylakoid
decreases as H+ accumulates inside the thylakoid from photolysis
only decreases in the dark
is always greater than the pH of the stroma
decreases as ATP is generated across the thylakoid membrane
Seeds are produced by all of the following except
ferns
angiosperms
gymnosperms
flowering plants
conifers
The Kreb cycle occurs
in the matrix
in the stroma
in the cytoplasm
between the crista membrane and the mitochondrial membrane
outside the thylakoids
Which of the following describes a correct order of events for the germination and early growth of a dicotyledon seedling?
cotyledon digestion->inhibition->root growth->shoot growth
inbibition-> cotyledon digestion->root growth->shoot growth
inbibition->root growth->shoot growth->cotyledon digestion
root growth->shoot growth->inbibition->cotyledon digestion
root growth->inbibition->shoot growth->cotyledon digestion
Compared to a person who is physically unfit, a person who is fit
pumps a smaller volume of blood with each heart beat
takes longer to reach a maximum heart rate
delivers the same amount of oxygen to the circulatory system with each heart beat
requires more oxygen for the same amount of muscle contraction
is more likely to skip heart beats
Both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation
require H2O
generate NADP
generate oxygen
generate PGAL
generate ATP
All of the following reactions involve membrane transport by passive or active transport processes except the
large intestine
postsynaptic membranes of a neuron
loop of Henle
alveolus
urethra
Which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates the domains Archae and Bacteria? Of the two domains,
only members of Archaea have a nuclear envelope
only member of Archaea have a circular chromosome
only member of Bacteria have peptidoglycans in their cell walls
only members of Bacteria have membrane enclosed organelles
only members of Bacteria have plasma membranes with lipids
All of the following are true about energy in an ecosystem except
energy flows in one direction: from producers to primary consumers, to secondary consumers, to tertiary consumers
most of the energy transferred out of one trophic level is lost before passing into the next higher trophic level
the ultimate source of most energy entering an ecosystem is the sun
heat generated by organisms represents a loss of energy to the ecosystem
energy is recycled in an ecosystem
In the biogeochemical cycle for carbon, carbon passes from inorganic to organic form through the process of
ammonification
cellular respiration
decay
Growth that stops when an organism becomes an adult is called
asexual
heterotrophic
embryonic
determinant
eukaryotic
During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes replicate?
anaphase
telophase
metaphase
prophase
interphase
Which of the following processes produces pyruvate?
glycolysis
oxidative phosphorylation
Krebs cycle
alcohol fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
In which of the following areas of the brain do speech, conscious thinking, and control of skeletal muscles occur?
cerebellum
medulla oblongata
optic chiasma
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
All of the following products form as a result of a condensation or dehydration reaction except
disaccharides
polysaccharides
steroids
triglycerides
Which of the following events is believed to be the earliest step toward the origin of a living cell?
the development of RNA like molecules with enzymatic functions
the appearance of oxygen in the atmosphere
the development of photosynthesis
the development of respiration
the development of DNA in protected pools of water
Cellular activities that occur during the G1, G2, and M checkpoints control whether or not subsequent phases of the cell cycle will be completed. These checkpoint activities do not control cell division in
fetal cells
liver cells
cancer cells
nerve cells
embryonic stem cells
A researcher is observing a cell through a microscope. She determines that it is a plant cell because she observes a
mitochondrion
lysosome
centriole
central vacuole
nucleus
Which of the following would most likely provide examples of meiotic cell divisions?
cross section of muscle tissue
cross section of an anther
longitudinal section of a shoot tip
endosperm of a dormant seed
cross section of a leaf
All of the following occur during photosynthesis except
light absorption occurs in the thylakoid membranes
oxygen is generated during photolysis
CO2 concentrates inside the thylakoid
ATP is generated as protons move from inside the thylakoid to the stroma
glucose is produced in the stroma
The amount of energy lost during the transfer from one trophic level of a pyramid of energy to the next higher trophic level is, on average, about
90%
75%
60%
50%
25%
The structure of the seed and seedling that stores food for the embryo and seedling is called the
plumule
hypoctoyl
cotyledon
coleptile
All of the following provide evidence for the support of evolution except
Many shrubs in Southern California and South Africa possess thick, shiny leaves and are well adapted to fire, characteristics well suited to their Mediterranean type habit, yet the plants of Southern California and South Africa are not closely related
Closely related species share higher percentages of DNA than species more distantly related
Tails and gill arches appear during the development of human embryos
Whales do not have hind legs, but small, nonfunctional bones that resemble leg and foot bones are present
Acquired characteristics, such as the dwarf-like appearance in bonsai that results when trees are closely pruned, can be passed on to offspring
Which of the following process convert NADH to NAD+
glycolysis and Krebs cycle
glycolysis and alcohol fermentation
Krebs cycle and alcohol fermentatioin
alcohol fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, and oxidative phosphorylation
Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
When water evaporates form the surface of a pond, what happens to the remaining liquid water?
The surface water cools
The surface water warms
The surface water temperature remains unchanged
The amount of energy stored in water molecules remaining in the pond increases
The pH of the remaining water decreases
