Week 9 - Cardiovascular

Questão 1 de 48

1

The ❌ pumps blood to the lungs (the ❌) where gas exchange occurs, ie. the blood collect oxygen from the airsacs and excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the airsacs for ❌.
The ❌ pumps blood into the ❌, which supplies the rest of the body. Here, ❌ are passed into the blood for excretion, and body cells extract nutrients and oxygen.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

right side of the heart

Pulmonary circulation

exhalation

left side of the heart

systemic circulation

tissue wastes

Explicação

Questão 2 de 48

1

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs (the Pulmonary circulation) where gas exchange occurs, ie. the blood collect oxygen from the airsacs and excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the airsacs for exhalation.
The left side of the heart pumps blood into the systemic circulation, which supplies the rest of the body. Here, tissue wastes are passed into the blood for excretion, and body cells extract nutrients and oxygen.

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Explicação

Questão 3 de 48

1

The left side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs (the Pulmonary circulation) where gas exchange occurs, ie. the blood collect oxygen from the airsacs and excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the airsacs for exhalation.

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Explicação

Questão 4 de 48

1

Should the supply of oxygen and nutrients to body cells become inadequate ....

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tissue damage occurs and cell death may follow.
the mitochondria will regenerate and supply additional energy.

Explicação

Questão 5 de 48

1

Arteries and Arteriorioles transport blood away from the heart. Their walls consist of three layers of tissue - an outer layer of fibrous tissue, middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue and an inner lining called endothelium.

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Explicação

Questão 6 de 48

1

Arteries have thicker walls than veins to withstand the high pressure of arterial blood.

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Explicação

Questão 7 de 48

1

The smallest arterioles break up into a number of minute vessels called...

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Capillaries
Veins
Venules

Explicação

Questão 8 de 48

1

Capillary walls consist of a single layer of endothelial cells sitting on a very thin basement membrane.

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Explicação

Questão 9 de 48

1

Capillary walls consist of a single layer of fibrous tissue sitting on a very thin basement membrane.

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Explicação

Questão 10 de 48

1

The capillary bed is the site of exchange of substances between the blood and the tissue fluid, which bathes the body cells and, with the exception of those on the skin surface and in the cornea of the eye, every body cell lies close to a capillary.

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Explicação

Questão 11 de 48

1

In certain places, including the Liver and bone marrow, the capillaries are significantly wider and leakier than normal. These are called Sinusoids and because their walls are incomplete and their lumen is much larger than usual, blood flows through them more slowly under less pressure and can come directly into contact with the cells outside the sinusoid wall. This allows must faster exchange of substances between the blood and the tissues.

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Explicação

Questão 12 de 48

1

Capillary refill - when the skin is pressed firmly with a finger, which turns white because the blood in the capillaries under the finger has been squeezed out. A prolonged capillary refill time can suggest poor perfusion or dehydration.

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Explicação

Questão 13 de 48

1

Veins return blood at ❌ pressure to the heart. The walls of the veins are ❌ than arteries but have the same three layers of ❌. They are thinner because there is less ❌ in the ❌ as veins carry blood at a lower pressure than ❌.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

low

thinner

tissue

muscle and elastic tissue

tunica media

arteries

Explicação

Questão 14 de 48

1

Some veins possess valves, which prevent backflow of blood, ensuring that it flows towards the heart.

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Explicação

Questão 15 de 48

1

❌ are abundant in the veins of the limbs, especially the ❌ where blood must travel a considerable distance against ❌ when the individual is ❌.

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Valves

lower limbs

gravity

standing

Explicação

Questão 16 de 48

1

Vascular capacitance refers to degree of active constriction of vessels (mainly veins) which affects return of blood to the heart and thus cardiac output.

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Explicação

Questão 17 de 48

1

Veins are called ❌ because they are distensible, and therefore have the capacity to hold a ❌ of the body's blood. At any one time, about ❌ of the body's blood is in the venous system. This allows the vascular system to absorb sudden changes in blood ❌.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

capacitance vessels

large proportion

two-thirds

volume

Explicação

Questão 18 de 48

1

At any one time, about one-third of the body's blood is in the venous system. This allows the vascular system to absorb sudden changes in blood volume.

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Explicação

Questão 19 de 48

1

Thin-walled blood vessels receive oxygen and nutrients via....

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diffusion from the blood passing through them
osmosis of the plasma

Explicação

Questão 20 de 48

1

The smooth muscle of the tunica media of veins and arteries is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system. These nerves arise from the ....

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Medulla Oblongata and they change the diameter of blood vessels controlling the volume of blood they contain.
Hypothalamus and they change the diameter of blood vessels controlling the volume of blood they contain.

Explicação

Questão 21 de 48

1

Blood vessel diameter is regulated by the smooth muscle of the tunica media, which is supplied by sympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system.

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Explicação

Questão 22 de 48

1

Constant adjustment of blood vessel diameter helps to regulate peripheral resistance of systemic blood pressure.

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Explicação

Questão 23 de 48

1

Oxygen is carried from the lungs to the tissues in combination with ....

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haemoglobin as oxyhaemoglobin.
plasma through diffusion.

Explicação

Questão 24 de 48

1

Blood transports carbon dioxide to the lungs for excretion by three different mechanisms:

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dissolved in the water of the blood plasma - 7%
in chemical combination with sodium in the form of sodium bicarbonate - 70%
remainder in combination with haemoglobin - 23%
dissolved in the peripheral blood in nutrients - 7%

Explicação

Questão 25 de 48

1

The ❌ including glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and mineral salts required by all body cells are transported round the body in the ❌. They ❌ through the ❌ capillary walls in the tissues. Water exchanges ❌ between the plasma and tissue fluid by osmosis.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

nutrients

blood plasma

diffuse

semi-permeable

freely

Explicação

Questão 26 de 48

1

The two main forces determining overall fluid movement across the capillary wall are the ❌ (blood pressure), which tends to push fluid ❌ of the blood stream, and the ❌ of the blood, which tends to ❌ back in, and is due mainly to the prescence of plasma proteins, especially albumin.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

hydrostatic pressure

out

osmotic pressure

pull it

Explicação

Questão 27 de 48

1

The ❌ lies in the ❌ cavity in the ❌ (the space between the lungs). It lies ❌, a little more to the ❌ than the ❌, and presents a base ❌, and an apex ❌.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Heart

thoracic

mediastinum

obliquely

left

right

above

below

Explicação

Questão 28 de 48

1

The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissue -

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pericardium, myocardium and endocardium
pericardium, capillaries and endocardium

Explicação

Questão 29 de 48

1

The ❌ is the ❌ layer and is made up of ❌ sacs. The outer sac (the ❌ pericardium) consists of ❌ and the inner (the ❌ pericardium) of a continuous double layer of ❌.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Pericardium

outermost

two

fibrous

fibrous tissue

serous

serous membrane

Explicação

Questão 30 de 48

1

The Myocardium is composed of specialised cardiac muscle found only in the heart. It is striated, like skeletal muscle, but it is not under voluntary control.

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Explicação

Questão 31 de 48

1

Endocardium lines the ❌ of the heart. It is a thin, smooth ❌ to ensure ❌ of blood through the heart. It consists of ❌ and it is continuous with the endothelium lining the ❌.

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chambers and valves

membrane

smooth flow

endothelial cells

blood vessels

Explicação

Questão 32 de 48

1

The heart is divided into a right and left side by the septum, a partition consisting of myocardium covered by endocardium.

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Explicação

Questão 33 de 48

1

Each side of the heart is divided by an atrioventricular valve into the upper atrium and the ventricle below.

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Explicação

Questão 34 de 48

1

Each side of the heart is divided by an ❌ into the upper ❌ and the ❌ below.
The right atrioventricular valve is called the ❌, and the left atrioventricular valve is called the ❌.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

atrioventricular valve

atrium

tricuspid valve

mitral valve

ventricle

Explicação

Questão 35 de 48

1

Each side of the heart is divided by an atrioventricular valve into the upper atrium and the ventricle below.
The right atrioventricular valve is called the tricuspid valve, and the left atrioventricular valve is called the mitral valve.

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Explicação

Questão 36 de 48

1

The valves between the atria and ventricles open and close passively according to changes in pressure in the chambers. They open when the pressure in the atria is greater than that in the ventricles.

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Explicação

Questão 37 de 48

1

The valves between the atria and ventricles open and close ❌ according to changes in pressure in the ❌. They open when the pressure in the atria is ❌ than that in the ventricles.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

passively

chambers

greater

Explicação

Questão 38 de 48

1

The two largest veins of the body, the superior and inferior vena cava, empty their contents into the right atrium.

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Explicação

Questão 39 de 48

1

Blood passes through the ❌ into the ❌, and from there is pumped into the ❌. The opening of the ❌ Artery is guarded by the ❌, which prevents the ❌ of blood into the right ventricle when the ventricular muscle ❌,
After leaving the heart, the pulmonary artery divides into left and right pulmonary artieries, which carry the ❌ to the lungs where exchanges of gases take place: ❌ is excreted and ❌ is absorbed.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Right Atrioventricular valve

carbon dioxide

oxygen

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary Artery

Pulmonary

Pulmonary Valve

backflow

relaxes

venous blood

Explicação

Questão 40 de 48

1

The vagus nerve supplies mainly the SA and AV nodes and atrial muscle.

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Explicação

Questão 41 de 48

1

❌ nerves supply the SA and AV ❌ and the ❌ of atria and ventricles, and stimulation increases the ❌ of the heartbeat.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Sympathetic

nodes

myocardium

rate and force

Explicação

Questão 42 de 48

1

At rest, the healthy adult heart is likely to beat at a rate of

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60-80 beats per minute
40-80 beats per minute

Explicação

Questão 43 de 48

1

Stages of the cardiac cycle -
1. ❌ - contraction of the atria
2. ❌ - contraction of the ventricles
3. ❌ - relaxation of the atria and ventricles

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Atrial Systole

Ventricular systole

Complete cardiac diastole

Explicação

Questão 44 de 48

1

A faster heart rate is called ❌

A slower heart rate is ❌

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Tachycardia

Bradycardia

Explicação

Questão 45 de 48

1

The cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from each ventricle every minute.

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Explicação

Questão 46 de 48

1

The ❌ is the amount of blood ejected from each ventricle every minute.

The amount expelled by each contraction of each ventricle is the ❌.

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cardiac output

stroke volume

Explicação

Questão 47 de 48

1

❌ = ❌ x Heart Rate

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Cardiac input

Stroke Volume

Explicação

Questão 48 de 48

1

The stroke volume is determined by the volume of blood in the ventricles immediately before they contract.

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	Criado por Jessica Bulley mais de 5 anos atrás