Mer Scott
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PHCY310 Quiz sobre L41,42 Background/Pathology IHD, criado por Mer Scott em 19-05-2019.

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L41,42 Background/Pathology IHD

Questão 1 de 17

1

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is the same thing as coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD).

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 2 de 17

1

Atherosclerosis, a deposition in the subendothelial space, causes IHD. There is endothelial dysfunction with production of NO, less , increased risk of platelet . An influx of lipid scavenger cells () cause inflammation, calcification and of the blood vessel by increasing plaque formation.

Selecione a opção abaixo para completar o texto destacado

    lipid
    decreased
    vasodilation
    adhesion
    macrophages
    narrowing

Explicação

Questão 3 de 17

1

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture causes a release of factor (TF) and von Willebrand factor (vWF)
vWF. More adhere, activate, and aggregate. The coagulation cascade activates resulting in binding platelets to one another causing clot () formation.

Selecione a opção abaixo para completar o texto destacado

    tissue
    platelets
    fibrinogen
    thrombus

Explicação

Questão 4 de 17

1

Which of these is not a risk factor for IHD?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Diabetes

  • Obesity

  • Smoking

  • Being a woman over 45

  • Alcohol overconsumption

  • Being a man over 45

Explicação

Questão 5 de 17

1

Choose the incorrect statement.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Stable angina is a chronic form of IHD.

  • Unstable angina is an acute coronary syndrome.

  • Acute coronary syndromes are forms of IHD.

  • A STEMI is an acute coronoary syndrome while and NSTEMI is a chronic form of IHD.

Explicação

Questão 6 de 17

1

Chronic stable angina is the initial manifestation of IHD in about 50% of patients. It is often caused by obstructive lesions in the coronary arteries. Vasospasm at the site of an atherosclerotic plaque may further blood flow and contribute to angina.
Stable angina is characterised by a plaque with a thick fibrous cap and relatively lipid core.
Patients are generally in no acute distress and describe stable angina pain as a sensation of pressure, heaviness, tightness, or squeezing in the anterior area. Pain may radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulder, back, or arm and may be accompanied by dyspnoea, nausea, vomiting, or diaphoresis. Pain lasts a few and is often provoked by (e.g. walking, climbing stairs, gardening) or emotional stress; and relieved within minutes by or with sublingual nitroglycerin.

Selecione a opção abaixo para completar o texto destacado

    atherosclerotic
    constrict
    small
    chest
    minutes
    exertion
    rest

Explicação

Questão 7 de 17

1

Acute coronary syndrome is the first sign of IHD in about 50% of patients.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 8 de 17

1

Principles of treatment:
1. Angina:
Increase myocardial O2 supply (by the cardiac vasculature) and
decrease O2 demand (by decreasing heart , myocardial , and afterload)
2. ACS:
Re-vascularisation/re-perfusion with mechanical or chemical Tx.
- Mechanical:
Percutaneous coronary intervention () = Angiography or (using a balloon or a stent), or Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
- Chemical:
Anti-platelets or
Anti-coagulants or
Fibrinolytics

Selecione a opção abaixo para completar o texto destacado

    dilating
    rate
    contractility
    PCI
    angioplasty

Explicação

Questão 9 de 17

1

Match the drug treatment to the purpose for IHD.
- Dilate blood vessels and reduce cardiac load:
- Stabilise atherosclerotic plaques:
- Prevent platelet aggregation:
- Prevent propagation of thrombus:
- Break down thrombus:
- Pain relief:

Selecione a opção abaixo para completar o texto destacado

    nitrates, CCBs, ACEIs/ARBs, B-blockers
    statins and other lipid-lowering meds
    anti-platelets
    anti-coagulants
    fibrinolytics
    morphine

Explicação

Questão 10 de 17

1

Nitrates are that donate nitric oxide, NO. NO increases intracellular , which relaxes muscle cells and causes vasodilation. Frequent or high doses are associated with .

Selecione a opção abaixo para completar o texto destacado

    prodrugs
    cGMP
    smooth
    tolerance

Explicação

Questão 11 de 17

1

Which of these is not a side effect of nitrates?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Hypotension

  • Flushing

  • Headache

  • Dizziness

  • Hypertension

Explicação

Questão 12 de 17

1

Common DHP CCBs are . Non-DHP CCBS are .
can cause headache, flushing, dizziness/postural hypotension, peripheral oedema, and constipation. can cause bradycardia (caution if patient is on a beta blocker).

Selecione a opção abaixo para completar o texto destacado

    amlodipine and felodipine
    verapamil and diltiazem
    CCBs
    Non-DHP CCBs

Explicação

Questão 13 de 17

1

ACE inhibitors can cause cough due to the build up of bradykinin (which is broken down by ACE).

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 14 de 17

1

If we give a β-blocker then we anticipate an increase in HR, and bronchial relaxation.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 15 de 17

1

Anti-platelets:
1. Aspirin: Inhibits which decreases meaning less activation and aggregation.
2. Thienopyridines (e.g. ): Inhibits receptor P2Y12 to decrease
3. GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors (e.g. ): Inhibit receptor to decrease

Selecione a opção abaixo para completar o texto destacado

    COX-1
    TxA2
    clopidogrel, ticagrelor
    ADP
    activation
    abciximab, tirofiban
    aggregation
    GPIIb/IIIa

Explicação

Questão 16 de 17

1

Anti-coagulants inhibit formation and propagation of thrombi in arteries and veins. In ACS mainly the heparins are used.
1. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) increases the action of anti-thrombin (AT) on factors (and to some extent XIIa, XIa, and IXa).
2. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) increase the inhibitor action of AT on factor . LMWH (e.g. enoxaparin) have a molecular weight than UFH, a longer , and can be administered (self-administered).

Selecione a opção abaixo para completar o texto destacado

    inhibitory
    Xa and IIa
    Xa >> IIa
    smaller
    half-life
    subcutaneously

Explicação

Questão 17 de 17

1

Fibrinolytics break down fibrin stabilised clots. They are used more in pulmonary or stroke than in IHD. Examples are , synthetic tissue plasminogen activators ().

Selecione a opção abaixo para completar o texto destacado

    embolism
    alteplase and reteplase
    tPAs

Explicação