How many foramena on the sacral bone?

How many bands does the iliolumbar ligament have?

The superior band of the iliolumbar ligament runs from the transverse process of _____ to the iliac crest.

The inferior band of the iliolumbar ligament runs from the TP of _____ to the ______, the ______ and the _______.

Actions of the QL.

The primary function of the iliopsoas muscle includes hip flexion and ______.

Is the iliopsoas muscle active during sitting?

In NWB, the piriformis muscle acts as a ____ rotator when the hip is (flexed/ extended)

In NWB, the piriformis acts as a ______ when the hip is 90 deg flexed.

What does the piriformis do in WB?

Which muscle and movement do we check for L2 integrity?

Which muscle and movement do we check for L3 integrity?

Which muscle and movement do we check for L4 integrity?

Which muscle and movement do we check for L5 integrity?

Which muscle and movement do we check for S1 integrity?

Which muscle and movement do we check for S2 integrity?

DTR for L4

DTR for L5

DTR for S1

Sensory distribution of L2

Sensory distribution of L3

Sensory distribution of L4

Sensory distribution of L5

Sensory distribution of S1

Sensory distribution of S2

Name possible screening exams for the lower quadrant.

How to determine the 'blocked' side during the standing flexion test?

During the long-sitting test, the longer limb during supine becomes shorter in sitting, the affected innominate is rotated (anteriorly/ posteriorly)

During the long-sitting test, the affected side is shorter in supine and longer in sitting, the affected innominate is rotated (anteriorly/ posteriorly)

What are the positive results of the prone knee bend test?

List the 5 tests for the Laslett cluster of the SIJ.

How many tests in the Laslett's cluster must be positive to indicate SIJ dysfunction?

The patient stands with left PSIS higher, left ASIS lower, left leg longer in supine and L leg shorter in long sitting. What is the most likely pelvic girdle dysfunction?

The patient stands with left PSIS lower, left ASIS higher, left leg shorter in supine and left leg longer in long sitting. What is the most likely pelvic girdle dysfunction?

The patient stands with L PSIS and ASIS both higher, left leg shorter both in supine and long sitting. What is the most likely pelvic girdle dysfunction?

The patient has a deeper sacral sulcus on R, sacral ILA is posterior and down on the left. What is the most likely pelvic girdle dysfunciton?

A patient with increased back stiffness and pain reports no MOI, joint mobility revealed very little mobility throughout the entire spine. Which imaging should you refer to rule out which inflammatory diagnosis?

Pain pattern for Ankylosing Spondylitis is (cranial/caudal) to (caudal/cranial)

A patient comes with a referral for 'sciatica', he reports unilateral flank pain, some limb weakness and numbness. He stands with a lateral shift and his pain increases with flexion and Valsava's. What spine-related disorder do you suspect and how can you rule it in/out?

Your patient comes in reporting 'blocked' when twisting to his R side . She has very poor body mechanics and moves in an unguarded manner. What spine-related disorder do you suspect the most?

Place the steps in the correct order for the Slump test.
1. passively DF ankle
2. passively flex head and neck
3. passively extend knee

You are performing the quadrant test and your goal is to maximally close the intervertebral foramen on the L side. What should you cue the patient to do?

You are performing the quadrant test and your goal is to stress the facet joint of the L lumbar articular pillar, what should you cue the patient to do?

Which aberrant movements are you looking for in patients with LBP?

Which test has very high specificity for herniated nucleus pulposis or neural tension and radiculopathy in the lower back?

How to bias the tibial nerve during SLR?

How to bias the sural nerve during SLR?

How to bias the common fibular nerve during SLR?

How to only test for spinal nerve root involvement by minimally stressing the peripheral nerves?

The unilateral posterior rotation of the lilium is couple with ipsilateral hip _______.

The ER of the femur is paired with ____ of the tibia.

The ER of the tibia is paired with _____ of the foot.

Supination of the foor is coupled with ______ and _____ glide of the fibula head.

Is spinal manipulation recommended for internal disc derrangements?

Patient comes in with back pain that is not physically provocable, and had a previous history of lung cancer. What should you rule out?

Patient has back pain and pain with swallowing, dysphagia, as well as weight loss. What do you suspect?

Patient has back pain that is deep and gnawing, radiating from the chest to back. What do you suspect?

T/F: Acute pancreatitis may manifest itself as mid-epigastric pain radiating through the back.

Where is the usual referral pattern of cholecystitis?

What are some common referral patterns of heart and lung disorders?

T/F: AAA can manifest as nonspecific back pain.

Where does UI and gyencological conditions refer pain to?

What is an outcome measure that has established validity for LBP?

What are the three diagnostic categories of LBP?

Which 4 treatment options have level I evidence to be beneficial for LBP patients?

What should be the intensity of exercise for chronic LBP
a) without generalized pain
b) with generalized pain

T/F: The CPG emphasizes the importance of patient education. Therefore in-depth explanation for pathology should be carried out.

Patient with LBP has positive crossed SLR sign. Which traction position is best recommended by the CPG?

Which group of LBP patient should we avoid using traction on?

What type of exercise was weakly recommended for elderly patients with chronic LBP with radiation? Should it be used alone?

T/F: As a PT, you should not provide nerve mobility for patient with LBP if they are in the subacute or chronic stage and has radiating pain.