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The most common esophageal diverticulum found today is
Zenker’s diverticulum
Hartman’s diverticulum
Rovsing’s dverticulum
Kocher’s diverticulum
Zenker’s diverticulum occurs in which part of the esophagus?
subdiaphragmatic
intraabdominal
pharyngoesophageal
parabronchial
Method of choice for diagnosing esophageal diverticula is
Plain X-ray
MRI
Contrast esophagography
CT scan
Upper endoscopy
The treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum consists of
endoscopic thermal coagulation
broad spectrum antibiotics
surgical or endoscopic repair
esophagectomy
Achalasia is characterized with
hypertension of the LES
failure of the LES to relax
compromised esophageal peristaltic
abnormal dilation of the esophagus at late stage
all of the above
Which parasitic disease is related to achalasia?
Hydatid cyst disease
Chagas disease
Enterobiosis
Ascariasis
The major symptom of achalasia is
dysphagia of liquids
odynophagia
abdominal pain
heartburn
The gold standard test for diagnosis of achalasia is
Manometry
Endoscopic US
“Bird’s beak” is a typical X-ray feature of
Barret’s esophagus
GERD
Achalasia
Esophageal cancer
The treatment of achalasia consists of
nitroglycerin, nitrates and calcium channel blockers
bougie dilation
injections of botulinum toxin (Botox)
surgical esophagomyotomy
Heller myotomy is a surgical method of treatment of
Zenker's diverticulum
Pulmonary abscess
Pyloric stenosis
Barret’s esophagus is characterized with
replacement of the stratified squamous epithelium with intestinal columnar epithelium
replacement of the stratified squamous epithelium with transitional epithelium
replacement of the intestinal columnar epithelium with stratified squamous epithelium
squamous cell cancer in situ
Barret’s esophagus is a risk factor for developing
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus
The alkali ingestion is the most dangerous caustic injury of the esophagus because of
liquefactive necrosis with deep penetration in the tissues
severe bleeding
immediate rupture
coagulative necrosis forming an eschar that limits tissue penetration
The most popular anti-reflux operation for GERD is called
Whipple Operation
Billroth II
Nissen fundoplication
Ivor Lewis procedure
Which of the following is the most commonly observed histologic type of cancer in the upper and the middle part of the esophagus?
adenocarcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
neuro endocrine tumors
small cell carcinoma
Symptoms such as dysphagia for solids, weight loss arid regurgitation in most of the cases are associated with
Stomach cancer
Barret’s esopghagus
Advanced esophageal cancer
Method of choice for diagnosis of esophageal cancer is
Esophagography
Endoscopy with biopsy
The most critical component of esophageal cancer staging that gives accurate information for T and N status of the tumor is
Endoscopic ultrasound
Ivor Lewis procedure used for surgical treatment of esophageal cancer is described as
thoracoabdominal esophagectomy
transhiatal esophagectomy
en-block (three incision) esophagectomy
endoscopic mucosal resection
Which of the following is a surgical method of treatment of esophageal cancer?
Transhiatal esophagectomy
En-block esophagectomy
Esophagectomy with right colonic transposition
All of the above
