Royal African company: association of English investors that in 1672 had received a charter from the English monarchy giving them exclusive rights to trade along the Atlantic Coast of Africa
Atlantic System: moved goods, wealth, and people around the Atlantic
After native cultures of the West Indies collapsed, sugar plantations, African slaves, and European capitals increased the level of economy
Sugar and tobacco grown by African slaves
Chartered companies:France and England gave groups of private investors monopoly over trade to the West Indie colonies in exchange for the payment of annual fees to promote national claims without government expense
Dutch West India Company: Dutch government chartered this to carry the conflict between Dutch and Spain to Spain's overseas possessions
Was a private trading company
Seized Elmina and Luanda, Spanish ports
When Portuguese was freed from Spanish rule, they tried to reconquer Brazil
Slaves were primary source of power for sugar plantation
African slave trade increased
France and England created new colonies
Processing sugarcane needed maximum efficiency
Windmills and watermills were used to power the larger plantations
Plantation size increased
Soil exhaustion and deforestation
New species crowded indigenous ones
Human population decrease
Plantocracy: small number of very rich men who owned most of the slaves and the land
Slave life was grueling
great whites-little whites-free blacks-slaves
Manumission: legal grant of freedom to an individual slave
Maroon communities were groups of runaway slaves
The different types and number of ships on the Atlantic Trading System increased
new economic institutions, new partnerships and new working relationships were factors
Capitalism: ability to manage large financial resources through mechanisms
Banks
Stock exchanges
Mercantilism: policies adopted by European states to promote their citizens' overseas trade and accumulate capitol in the form of precious metals
Atlantic Circuit: clockwise networks of sea routes in the Atlantic Ocean
Middle Passage: transported slaves across the Atlantic Ocean
Complex
Many other trade voyages supplemented the basic circuit
European interests came first
Transportation of slaves was supposed to be a highly specialized trade
Mercantilist policies placed slave trade in the hands of chartered companies
To make a profit, slave traders had to buy the slaves for less than he would sell them for, and he had to get the majority to the destination alive
Some captives tried to escape
Some captives rebelled
Slaves were also usually treated badly
Death by disease was more common than death by poor treatment
Crew members also feel to disease

	Criado por Lindsay Elise quase 10 anos atrás

Quick notes on the first half of Chapter 18. I have a study guide to go with this