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Past papers; August 2014 May 2014

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Microorganisms MCQ's 2014 Answered

Questão 1 de 40

1

Pasteur is attributed with which one of the following discoveries?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Was the first to see microorganisms under a microscope

  • First to discover and use agar

  • That there could be life without air

  • The first chemical antibiotics

Explicação

Questão 2 de 40

1

The length of a typical E. coli cell is approximately?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 20 μm

  • 2 μm

  • 200 nm

  • 20 nm

Explicação

Questão 3 de 40

1

With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial
domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

  • Only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis

  • Archaea are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

  • Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea

Explicação

Questão 4 de 40

1

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to the E. coli chromosome?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It is negatively supercoiled

  • It is positively supercoiled

  • There are typically several origins of replication

  • It consists of over 50 million base pairs

Explicação

Questão 5 de 40

1

A culture of E. coli is diluted by a factor of x 10-5 and, after plating out 100 µl on an agar plate, 78 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture
therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 7.8 x 10(7)

  • 7.8 x 10(8)

  • 7.8 x 10(6)

  • 7.8 x 10(5)

Explicação

Questão 6 de 40

1

Bacterial flagella bring about cell motion by which mechanism?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Wave-like movement of the flagellum

  • Rotation of the cell

  • Rotation of the flagellum in one direction only

  • Rotation of the flagellum that is reversible

Explicação

Questão 7 de 40

1

The Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Attenuated live Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Mycobacterium bovis

  • Attenuated live Mycobacterium bovis

Explicação

Questão 8 de 40

1

Which of the following is only transmitted by direct person-to-person contact?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Malaria

  • Plague

  • Gonorrhoea

  • . Tuberculosis

Explicação

Questão 9 de 40

1

Photoautotophs use:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source

  • Light as an energy and glucose as a carbon source

  • CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source

  • All of the above.

Explicação

Questão 10 de 40

1

Biochemical synthesis of new cell material is called:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Metabolism.

  • Anabolism.

  • Catabolism.

  • Synthatabolism.

Explicação

Questão 11 de 40

1

Carl Woese of the University of Illinois and his collaborators identified two major branches of prokaryotic evolution. What was the basis for dividing prokaryotes into two domains?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Microscopic examination of the staining characteristics of the cell wall.

  • . Metabolic characteristics such as the production of methane gas

  • Ecological characteristics such as the ability to survive extreme temperatures

  • Molecular characteristics such as ribosomal RNA sequences

Explicação

Questão 12 de 40

1

Incorporation of atmospheric N2 to NH4+ occurs via the process of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Nitrogen fixation.

  • Nitrification.

  • Denitrification.

  • None of the above, atmospheric N2 cannot be incorporated into NH4+

Explicação

Questão 13 de 40

1

Which of these environmental factors influence microbial growth?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • pH

  • Water potential

  • Oxygen

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 14 de 40

1

The cardinal temperatures are the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Minimum temperatures

  • Optimum temperatures

  • Maximum temperatures

  • Minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures taken together.

Explicação

Questão 15 de 40

1

‘Necrosis’ is a symptom of infection of a plant with a pathogenic organism. Necrosis is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Yellowing of infected or surrounding tissue

  • Uncontrolled cell division resulting in the formation of a gall

  • Death of infected or surrounding cells

  • Premature leaf fall

Explicação

Questão 16 de 40

1

Phytophthora infestans is a fungus-like organism which:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Causes disease of a wide range of woody hosts

  • Causes potato blight

  • Causes ringworm

  • Causes black sigatoka disease of banana

Explicação

Questão 17 de 40

1

Bacterial genes:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • often contain introns

  • often organised in operons

  • always encode proteins

  • always shorter than 1,000 base pairs

Explicação

Questão 18 de 40

1

The Bacterial chromosome is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Circular DNA

  • Linear DNA

  • Either circular or linear DNA

  • Double stranded RNA

Explicação

Questão 19 de 40

1

The genome of measles virus is composed of :

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Double stranded DNA

  • Single stranded DNA

  • Single stranded RNA

  • DNA and RNA

Explicação

Questão 20 de 40

1

The poliovirus mature virus particle:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Contains 240 copies of a single protein

  • Contains 60 copies of four proteins

  • Has a dsDNA genome

  • Has a single stranded negative–sense genome

Explicação

Questão 21 de 40

1

With regard to the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cells which statement is the CORRECT one?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Bacterial cells contain mitochondria

  • Bacterial cells are usually larger than eukaryote cells

  • Bacteria do not contain a chromosome

  • Only bacterial cells are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

Explicação

Questão 22 de 40

1

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to the E.coli chromosome?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It is negatively supercoiled

  • It is positively supercoiled

  • There are typically several origins of replication

  • It consists of over 50 million base pairs

Explicação

Questão 23 de 40

1

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • LPS is found in Gram positive cells

  • LPS is found in Gram negative cells in the cytoplasmic membrane

  • LPS is found in the outer-membrane of Gram negative cells.

  • LPS is found inside all bacterial cells

Explicação

Questão 24 de 40

1

A culture of E. coli is diluted by a factor of 10(-5) and, after plating out 100 µl on an
agar plate, 142 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original
culture therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 1.42 x 10(7)

  • 1.42 x 10(8)

  • 1.42 x 10(6)

  • 1.42 x 10(5)

Explicação

Questão 25 de 40

1

With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial
domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

  • Only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis

  • Archaea are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

  • Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea

Explicação

Questão 26 de 40

1

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to peptidoglycan?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • There are multiple molecules of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls

  • Only Gram positive cells possess peptidoglycan

  • There is only a single molecule of peptidoglycan in a bacterial cell wall

  • Peptidoglycan is only found in the Gram negative cell wall

Explicação

Questão 27 de 40

1

Which of the following is transmitted to humans by arthropods?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Tuberculosis

  • Malaria

  • Cholera

  • Typhoid

Explicação

Questão 28 de 40

1

The antibiotic rifampicin interferes with which of the following?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Peptidoglycan synthesis

  • DNA gyrase

  • Lipid synthesis

  • RNA polymerase

Explicação

Questão 29 de 40

1

Catalase is indispensable to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Obligate anaerobes

  • Aerotolerant anaerobes

  • Aerobes

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 30 de 40

1

The CORRECT way to write this microbe’s name is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • bacillus subtilis (italics)

  • Bacillus subtilis

  • Bacillus Subtilis (italics)

  • Bacillus subtilis (italics)

Explicação

Questão 31 de 40

1

Chemical energy is released when organic or inorganic compounds are:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Reduced

  • Incorporated into larger molecules

  • Oxidized

  • Synthesized

Explicação

Questão 32 de 40

1

A microbe isolated from deep in the ocean could best be characterized as a:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Psychrophile.

  • Mesophile.

  • Barophile and psychrophile

  • Barophile.

Explicação

Questão 33 de 40

1

Which of the following is both a selective and a differential medium?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Nutrient broth.

  • MacConkey agar.

  • Blood agar.

  • Tryptic soya broth.

Explicação

Questão 34 de 40

1

The signature sequence is used extensively in:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Developing phylogenetic probes for fluorescent in situ hybridisation.

  • Analyzing the G+C content of DNA.

  • Isolating microorganisms from the environment.

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 35 de 40

1

Mature virus particles (Virions) ALWAYS contain:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • non-structural proteins

  • a protease enzyme

  • a DNA or RNA genome

  • a reverse transcriptase

Explicação

Questão 36 de 40

1

Viruses may encode their genomes as

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • DNA

  • RNA

  • negative strand RNA

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 37 de 40

1

Organisms belonging to the genus Phytophthora are:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True fungi

  • Fungus-like organisms

  • Slime moulds

  • Rusts

Explicação

Questão 38 de 40

1

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about true fungi

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True fungi are eukaryotic

  • All true fungi are multi-cellular

  • True fungi are heterotrophic

  • Most true fungi have chitin cell walls

Explicação

Questão 39 de 40

1

With regards to bacterial plasmids which statement is the CORRECT one?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A plasmid is a regulatory gene

  • A plasmid is a short RNA molecule

  • A plasmid is an extra chromosomal DNA molecule

  • A plasmid is a non coding region found in some bacterial genomes

Explicação

Questão 40 de 40

1

A Wild-type bacterial strain is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A strain with a limited number of mutations

  • An arbitrarily chosen strain

  • A strain without plasmids

  • A strain which is sensitive to antibiotics

Explicação