What factors cause genetic drift?
Natural disasters
Random mutation
Migration
The evolution of an allele from recessive to dominant
Gene flow is the flow of alleles into and out of a population over time
What are Darwin's three principles about how natural selection occurs?
Organisms inherit characteristics and traits from their parents and then produce their own offspring
Organisms will always mutate and bring new traits into the gene pool which are selected based on usefulness
Organisms produce more offspring than will ultimately survive
Organisms and offspring differ from each other because of the characteristics or variations they inherit
Harmful mutations are removed from the gene pool via
Natural selection
Organisms with those mutations are sterile
Genetic drift
Organisms with those mutations die before they can reproduce
If there is not enough variation in a species
Advantageous or rare traits and alleles vanish from the population
Genetic diversity goes down
More alleles are created in order to offset the lack of variation
In the eighteenth century, which men reintroduced ideas about the evolution of animals?
Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
Erasmus Darwin, Georges-Louis Leclerc, and Comte de Buffon
Erasmus Darwin and Charles Darwin
Erasmus Darwin and Alfred Wallace
What is Charles Darwin's theory?
Offspring inherit traits from their parents and offspring with the most advantageous traits will be more likely to survive and procreate
Offspring inherit traits from their parents and the offspring who reproduce less are less fit
Parents only pass on advantageous traits to their offspring, making natural selection a competition between the elite (in terms of genes)
Traits are neither advantageous or harmful, but are randomly passed down, similar to mutations
Divergent evolution is where two completely unrelated species develop similar traits
Homologous structure
Corresponds to divergent evolution
Describes structures which are genetically related in two species who share a common ancestor
Analogous structure describes similar structures in two genetically unrelated organisms
Check all boxes which are examples of mechanisms for genetic change
Blue eyes in humans being selected for 10,000 years ago
The mutation that causes sickle cell anemia
The migration of early hominids out of Africa
The elimination of rare alleles in Avida when the population gets too small
The Founder Effect describes why populations which were started by just a few organisms have decreased genetic diversity
Choose the best definition for fitness in an organism
How many kids a person has
The number of offspring an organism contributes to the next generation, compared with other individuals in its population
The number of years an organism lives divided by the number of offspring it is able to produce
The survival rate of an organism's offspring compared to the survival rate of others in its population
Population means all the organisms in a given species, even if they don't live in the same geographic area
Most genetic traits are simple (as opposed to complex)
The cell's 3D printers are called
tRNA
Ribosomes
Helicase
Sequence of DNA nucleotides
Nucleotides
Are symbols of the cell's "software code"
Are represented by the letters A, U, G, and C in DNA
Provide the code for making amino acids
Substitute one of their letters when DNA transcribes mRNA
The mRNA nucleotides are determined by
The order of DNA nucleotides
The order in which they were transcribed
Random genetic mutation
The "flash-drives" of a cell
The Founder Effect
Explains why most Native Americans don't have type B blood
Is one cause of genetic drift
Is defined as a loss in genetic diversity which occurs when a population is started by a small number of individuals
The Bottleneck Effect
Explains why cheetahs are all essentially clones of one another
Describes the loss of genetic variation which occurs when a population's size decreases sharply over a generation
Is often used with and is similar to the Founder Effect
Explains why human beings aren't very genetically diverse
