Grooming involves
the development of alliances between females only.
the development of alliances between males only.
bonding between individuals of the same rank, picking through the skin and hair of another individual.
bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.
Male reproductive strategies emphasize
competition between males for access to reproductive-age females.
avoiding risk-taking behavior.
avoiding violence against competitors for female access.
engaging in care of young.
Monogamous behavior is characteristic of which of these primate species?
baboon
gibbon
orangutan
chimpanzee
Vocalization in chimp groups
occurs only to communicate a food source.
exists only among those high up in the dominance hierarchy.
sounds like howls and growls.
is unique to specific groups or regions.
Sexual dimorphism
relates to sexual courtship rituals in primates.
is the study of sexual intercourse between primates.
tends to be lower than in groups where males disperse and compete with unrelated males.
determines male and female social hierarchy.
Anthropologist Karen Strier estimated that in primates, foraging takes up about
10% of waking hours, because primates are so efficient.
90% of waking hours, because primates eat such low-quality food.
50% or more of waking hours.
25% of waking hours.
The study of primate vocal communication
has been used to understand the language evolution of all primates.
has resulted in chimps and gorillas demonstrating an ability to speak.
can give us insights into the selective pressures that may have shaped the evolution of language.
demonstrates that gossip is not exclusively human.
Kin selection refers to
nonaltruistic behavior toward other members of the kin group.
altruistic behavior that increases the donor’s inclusive fitness.
altruistic behavior that promotes kin-like bonding among nonkin.
behavior that increases only the donor’s fitness.
Polyandrous residence patterns represent
a social grouping that includes multiple adult males and females.
one of the most common patterns in prosimians and Old World monkeys.
a social grouping in which males cooperate in parenting activities.
a social grouping that includes one male and multiple females.
How do primates acquire food?
through cooperation among kin groups, mostly by hunting
through a wide variety of food-foraging strategies
through a limited set of highly specialized foraging strategies
through the use of highly developed material culture
In primates, males and females primarily differ in
body and canine size
mode of locomotion
tool use
color
How do male and female primates differ in reproductive strategies?
Males and females of the same species usually have different residence patterns
males compete for mates, while females compete for resources
some males are part of dominance hierarchies, but females never are
females typically commit infanticide when a new male enters the group
a primate's feeding success would be increased by
consuming large quantities of low quality foods
living in a geographic region with widely distributed food sources
consuming a single type of food
memorizing locations and seasonal availability of food patches
which statement is false regarding chimpanzee material culture?
chimpanzees use tools in the wild
chimpanzee tool use in the wild can be highly specific to a group
chimpanzees can learn tool use from humans
chimpanzees depends on tools to survive
Which feature of communication is found only in humans?
different vocalizations that refer to specific events or objects
modifying vocalizations based on life experience
using gestures or symbols
physical ability to produce speech
primate societies and social behavior are special because they are highly diverse
Primate communication CANNOT be compared to human communication in that: for at least some Old World Monkeys and apes, communication seems to be very context dependent, and specific sounds can have different meanings by making small changes; this is like human language
Many primate societies are complex and involve their members forming alliances that are formed by sharing food with each other
Altruistic behavior is that which benefits others while causing a disadvantage to the individual
solitary residence pattern is a rare primate residence pattern found only in orangutans and a fellow strepsirhines
Sexual Dimorphism does NOT concern differences in traits such as body size and canine size
Availability of food for primates can be highly variable, depending on season and rainfall
