Electrons, Bonding and Structure

Define the term first ionisation energy
Define the term successive ionisation energy

Explain the factors that influence ionisation energy

Predict the number of electrons in each shell of an atom from its successive ionisation energies
Predict the group of an element from its successive ionisation energies.

Define an orbital
Describe the shapes of s and p orbitals

State the numbers of orbitals making up the s-, p- and d- subshells
State the number of electrons that occupy s-, p- and d- subshells

State the number of electrons that can fill the first three shells

Describe the relative energies of s-, p- and d- orbitals in the first 3 shells

Deduce electron configurations of atoms, and ions given their ionic charge

Deduce electron configurations of atoms, and ions given their ionic charge

Classify the elements into s, p and d blocks.

Define the term ionic bonding
Describe the term covalent bond

State the formulae for common ions

Describe dative covalent bonding

Describe covalent bonds that disobey octet rule.

Describe covalent bonds that disobey the octet rule

Explain how electron repulsion theory can determine the shape of a molecule

Explain the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules and ions with up to 6 electron pairs

Explain the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules and ions with up to 6 electron pairs

Explain the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules and ions with up to 6 electron pairs

Explain the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules and ions with up to 6 electron pairs

Explain the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules and ions with up to 6 electron pairs

Explain the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules and ions with up to 6 bonding pairs.

Explain the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules and ions with up to 6 bonding pairs.

Define the term electronegativity

Explain how a permanent dipole may arise

Explain how a permanent dipole may arise

Describe intermolecular forces based on permanent dipoles

Describe intermolecular forces based on induced dipoles

Describe hydrogen bonding, including the role of a lone pair, between molecules containing -OH and -NH groups

Describe and explain the anomalous properties of H2O resulting from hydrogen bonding

Define metallic bonding.
Describe structures as giant metallic lattices.

Describe structures as giant ionic lattices, with strong ionic bonding.
Describe the properties of giant ionic lattices

Describe the properties of giant ionic lattices

(Example of giant ionic lattice solubility in apolar solvent)

Describe structures as simple molecular lattices
Describe the properties of simple molecular lattices

Describe structures as giant covalent lattices
Describe the properties of giant covalent lattices