Hyperaemiam
Congestion
Ishaemia
Define: ❌ ❌
Consequences: ❌, ❌, ❌
Causes: ❌, ❌, ❌, C❌, ❌
E.g.: ❌, ❌, ❌
Effects of Congestion
Gradual onset - ❌ ❌ Chronic congestion - ❌ = ❌ e.g ❌, ❌, ❌
Ischaemia - ❌ ❌ Infarction - ❌ ❌ Hypoxia - ❌ ❌
Acute infarct -
Colour:
Shape:
Sub-acute infarct - tissue
What happens: out of area decreases Area becomes Line of
Chronic infarct - to fibrosis
Fibrosis -
Thrombus - ❌ within the ❌ ❌ Thrombosis - ❌ Embolus - ❌ stream Embolism - ❌ a vessel
Three Components of Virchow's Triad 1. 2. 3. /
Virchow's Triad
Different types of embolus 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Diapedesis - ❌ ❌ ❌ Haematoma - ❌, ❌ Petechiae - ❌ Ecchymoses - ❌ Bruising - ❌
Haemorrhage Compensatory Mechanisms 1. 2. 3.
Classifications of Shock 1. shock 2. () shock 3. shock
Oedema - ❌ Anasarca - ❌ Ascites - ❌ Hydropericardium - ❌ Hydrothorax - ❌
Starling's Equilibrium
Filtration Pressure = in plasma and tissues - in plasma and tissues
Movement of between and compartments depends on the balance between and
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Results from: within vessels which overcomes the of leading to a net increase in that is not matched by or by
Decreased plasma oncotic (osmotic) pressure
A reduction in is the most protein and most Hypoalbuminaemia = of decreased osmotic pressure
Lymphatic Blockage
Seen if there is an of a regional node OR if
Increased vascular permeability
Most commonly results from Increase in vascular permeability by between Causes an increase in the loss of , and
Examples of Oedema
Pulmonary oedema rise in causes into the of the lung
Cerebral oedema Oedema of the