Selah Lowery
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Spring 2020 Biology 102: Intro Bio:Biodiversity/Ecology

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Selah Lowery
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Biology 102, Exam 2

Questão 1 de 42

1

There are 400 A1A1, 400 A1A2, and 200A2A2 individuals in a population. What are the allele frequencies?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 0.4 A1A1, 0.4 A1A2, 0.2 A2A2

  • 0.4 A1, 0.2 A2

  • 0.5 A1, 0.5 A2

  • 0.6 A1, 0.4 A2

Explicação

Questão 2 de 42

1

In a randomly mating population with allele frequencies of 0.6 A1 and 0.4 A2, What are the expected genotypic frequencies in the next generation?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 0.36 A1 A1, 0.48 A1A2, and 0.16 A2A2

  • 0.36 A1 A1, 0.24 A1A2, and 0.16 A2A2

  • 0.6 A1 A1, 0.24 A1A2, and 0.4 A2A2

  • 0.6 A1 and 0.4 A2

Explicação

Questão 3 de 42

1

In a sample from a population there are: 400 A1 A1, 400 A1A2, and 200 A2A2 individuals. Is this population in genetic equilibrium?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Yes, because the genotype frequencies are 0.4 A1 A1, 0.4 A1A2, and 0.2 A2A2

  • Yes, because the allele frequencies sum to 1.

  • Probably not, because there are fewer heterozygotes than expected.

  • Probably not, because there are fewer homozygotes than expected.

Explicação

Questão 4 de 42

1

In a sample the following phenotypes of snail shell color were observed: 230 Brown (BB), 740 Pink (BW), 30 Cream (WW). What are the frequencies of the B and W alleles?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • B: 0.97; W 0.03

  • B: 0.91; W 0.09

  • B: 0.7; W 0.3

  • B. 0.6; W 0.4

Explicação

Questão 5 de 42

1

In a sample the following phenotypes of snail shell color were observed: 230 Brown (BB), 740 Pink (BW), 30 Cream (WW). What are the expected genotype frequencies in the population?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • BB: 0.23; BW: 0.74; WW: 0.03

  • BB: 0.36; BW: 0.48; WW: 0.16

  • BB: 0.46; BW: 0.37; WW: 0.17

Explicação

Questão 6 de 42

1

In a sample the following phenotypes of snail shell color were observed: 230 Brown (BB), 740 Pink (BW), 30 Cream (WW). Is the population in genetic equilibrium?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Yes, because it is a large sample.

  • Yes, because allele frequencies sum to 1.

  • No, because there are more homozygotes than expected.

  • No, because there are more heterozygotes than expected.

Explicação

Questão 7 de 42

1

In a sample from a large population there are: 6 A1 A1, 8 A1A2, and 6 A2A2 individuals. Is this population in genetic equilibrium?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Yes, because the allele frequencies are 0.5 A1 and 0.5 A2.

  • No, because there are more heterozygotes than expected.

  • Maybe.

  • Maybe not.

  • Cannot determine from this data.

Explicação

Questão 8 de 42

1

What are the basic entities or units of evolutionary change-- what is it that evolves?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Individuals

  • Families

  • Populations

  • Species

Explicação

Questão 9 de 42

1

Which of the following was the first to propose the idea of biological evolution?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Plato

  • Aristotle

  • Lamarck

  • Darwin

  • We don't know.

Explicação

Questão 10 de 42

1

Formal biological taxonomy, developing the general form that we still use, began in the 18th century with the work of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Darwin

  • Hutton

  • Lamarck

  • Linnaeus

Explicação

Questão 11 de 42

1

According to Lamarck’s hypothesis giraffes evolved long necks because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • of natural selection.

  • they acquire mutations during development.

  • of the higher fitness of long‐neck giraffes relative to short‐neck ones.

  • giraffes stretch their necks while feeding, and the elongation from this stretching is passed on to their offspring.

Explicação

Questão 12 de 42

1

A major contribution of Darwin’s geological and paleontological predecessors and contemporaries to the development of his thought was the idea of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • natural selection.

  • survival of the fittest.

  • the great age of Earth.

  • inheritance of acquired characteristics.

  • lineage diversification.

Explicação

Questão 13 de 42

1

Cotton‐topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you should:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive

  • Look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins

  • Determine if hair length is heritable

  • Test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate

Explicação

Questão 14 de 42

1

Which of the following is not a part of Darwin’s mechanism of biological evolution?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Over production of offspring.

  • Acquiring adaptations because they are needed.

  • Differential reproductive success.

  • Heritable variation.

Explicação

Questão 15 de 42

1

What is perhaps occurring in a large population with genotype frequencies AA: 0.2, Aa: 0.2, aa: 0.6?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Mutation

  • Inbreeding

  • Genetic drift

  • Selection

  • Gene flow

Explicação

Questão 16 de 42

1

What is most likely occurring in a very small population with genotype frequencies AA: 0.2, Aa: 0.2, aa: 0.6?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Mutation

  • Inbreeding

  • Genetic drift

  • Selection

  • Gene flow

Explicação

Questão 17 de 42

1

What is most likely occurring in a large population with genotype frequencies AA: 0.2, Aa: 0.2, aa: 0.6?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Mutation

  • Inbreeding

  • Genetic drift

  • Selection

  • Gene flow

Explicação

Questão 18 de 42

1

Natural selection operates primarily at the level of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Genes

  • Individuals

  • Population

  • Species

  • Communities

Explicação

Questão 19 de 42

1

What do artificial selection and natural selection have in common?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • There must be heritable genetic variation on which selection can operate.

  • Mutation must be occurring.

  • Nothing.

Explicação

Questão 20 de 42

1

Differential reproductive success is equivalent to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Evolution

  • Natural selection

  • Competition

  • Adaptation

Explicação

Questão 21 de 42

1

If there are no fitness differences among individuals in a population:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • The individuals are well adapted.

  • Mutation will cause variation in the population to increase.

  • Natural selection cannot occur.

Explicação

Questão 22 de 42

1

What are species?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Populations whose members are morphologically distinct from those of other populations.

  • Populations which are reproductively isolated from other populations for a long period of time.

  • The tips of divergent evolutionary lineages-- the smallest monophyletic groups on a phylogenetic tree.

Explicação

Questão 23 de 42

1

What do the different species concepts have in common?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • All are used to try to identify evolutionarily independent populations.

  • All focus on reproductive isolating mechanisms.

  • None can be applied to fossil organisms.

  • Except as criteria for naming species they have nothing in common.

Explicação

Questão 24 de 42

1

For which group/taxon does the biological species concept not apply especially well?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Humans

  • Bacteria

  • Dinosaurs

  • Flowering plants

  • Fossil diatoms

Explicação

Questão 25 de 42

1

Speciation results from:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Gene flow and genetic divergence.

  • Gene flow and genetic isolation.

  • Genetic isolation and genetic divergence.

Explicação

Questão 26 de 42

1

What does “allopatric” mean?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Having different alleles.

  • Having different genes.

  • In different places.

  • In the same place.

Explicação

Questão 27 de 42

1

Allopatric speciation begins with:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Geographical isolation.

  • Genetic divergence.

  • Genetic drift.

Explicação

Questão 28 de 42

1

What is another term for genetic isolation?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Geographical isolation

  • Reproductive isolation

Explicação

Questão 29 de 42

1

The most important evolutionary mechanisms in allopatric speciation are:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Natural selection and postzygotic reproductive isolation.

  • Natural selection and genetic drift.

  • Natural selection and nonrandom mating.

  • Mutation and nonrandom mating.

Explicação

Questão 30 de 42

1

What happens when formerly geographically isolated populations come together?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Reinforcement maintains reproductive isolation.

  • The two gene pools fuse, becoming one.

  • A hybrid zone forms.

  • A new species evolves.

  • One population/gene pool goes extinct.

Explicação

Questão 31 de 42

1

If two formerly geographically isolated bird species/populations come into contact and readily interbreed, but the hybrid eggs do not hatch, what is most likely to happen?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Selection will act on both populations to produce hybrid embryos that hatch.

  • Selection will operate to increase prezygotic isolation of the two species/populations.

  • Prezygotic isolating mechanisms such as mating calls or behavioral differences between the two populations/species will decrease.

  • Postzygotc isolation between the two populations/species will decrease.

Explicação

Questão 32 de 42

1

What does “sympatric” mean?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Having similar alleles.

  • Having similar genes.

  • In different places.

  • In the same place.

Explicação

Questão 33 de 42

1

Which mode of selection often plays an especially important part in sympatric speciation?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Directional

  • Disruptive/ Diversifying

  • Sexual

  • Stabilizing

Explicação

Questão 34 de 42

1

What are phylogenies?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Models depicting evolutionary mechanisms.

  • Hypotheses of evolutionary relationships among taxa.

  • Graphical representation of morphological similarities.

  • “Maps” of evolutionary relationships.

Explicação

Questão 35 de 42

1

The three domains of life are

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

  • Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

  • Ecosystems, Organisms, and Cells

  • Plants, fungi, animals, and protists

Explicação

Questão 36 de 42

1

Nodes in a graphical phylogenetic hypothesis (cladogram):

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Represent the shared common ancestor of a clade.

  • Identify the point of divergence of lineages in a clade.

  • Identify a clade’s analogous structures.

Explicação

Questão 37 de 42

1

Which would be most useful in elucidating phylogeny (relatedness)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Homologies.

  • Analogies.

  • Both are equally useful.

  • Neither are very useful for inferring relatedness.

Explicação

Questão 38 de 42

1

Homologous structures reflect:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Shared ancestry.

  • Similarity of function.

  • Convergent evolution.

Explicação

Questão 39 de 42

1

Analogous structures reflect:

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Shared ancestry.

  • Similarity of function.

  • Convergent evolution.

Explicação

Questão 40 de 42

1

The bones of the flipper of a penguin (bird) and a dolphin (mammal) – both tetrapods – are_____; the functional flippers are______ .

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • analogous; homologous

  • analogous; analogous also

  • homologous; analogous

  • homologous; homologous also

Explicação

Questão 41 de 42

1

Sea snakes, which are reptiles, are similar in body form to eels, which are fish. Sea snakes and eels therefore share a______ body form.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • analogous

  • homologous

  • ancestral

  • monophyletic

Explicação

Questão 42 de 42

1

The phylogenetic hypothesis most likely to be correct is the one:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • With the fewest homologies.

  • With the fewest analogies.

  • With the most analogies.

  • With the most homologies.

Explicação

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