True or False: Bugs that are found and fixed early in the process will cost more to fix when compared to finding them later and fixing all the bugs at once.
Which test type will satisfy the final validation and verification criteria?
Packaging and delivery
Systems validation
Acceptance testing
Functional testing
Which of the following is a key principle of testing?
Testing does not need to be planned.
Complete testing is not possible.
Testing requires dependence on developers.
Formal exit criteria must be defined.
True or False: Process improvement helps software development build and retain product and service quality.
True or False: Studies have shown that defects found and fixed in the requirements phase carry the highest cost.
True or False: System validation is an end-to-end process that ensures that the completed and integrated system will operate as needed in the environment for which it was intended.
What can be achieved with a process improvement initiative based on the CMMI?
A measurable business result
A sense of when a project is done
A way to evaluate customers
An approach to monitoring employees
Which type of review is considered a walkthrough?
Progress review
Milestone review
Management review
Peer review
When is the appropriate time to include the people responsible for quality in the development cycle?
As early as possible in the cycle
When requirements are formulated
When formal testing begins
When coding begins
What key best practice brings the development process together in order to meet the deliverable deadline?
Having clearly defined goals for every milestone
Racing ahead with your eyes focused on the finish line
Not wasting time on trivial items that have no impact
Making hard decisions regarding the direction of development
Which element of a bug record will provide the programmer with a visual representation of the problem?
The steps to recreate the problem
A screenshot
A description of expected versus actual results
A brief and accurate description
What is the benefit of building a discrete list of defects and ranking them in order of importance?
Giving the team the opportunity to voice their concerns and advocate for their own priorities
Allowing for performance issues to be identified and elevated to the top of the list
Helping to define the severity of each issue
Creating an opportunity to examine quality goals and how defects affect the milestone schedule
What is the best way to document and keep track of test cases?
A test case management system
A detailed spreadsheet
A bug tracking system
A set of detailed text files
True or False: A bug model is based on historical data and planned activities and predicts how many bugs will be found during the project.
What is a visual definition of how you will prioritize bugs as they are discovered?
A matrix of impacts versus severity
A list of all bugs
A PowerPoint presentation
A matrix of severity versus stakeholder concerns
How is a solid IT-QA relationship fundamental to business success?
It can lower cost by fixing issues early in the process
It provides a usability perspective for the business to understand
It will help deliver compliant business-enabling systems
It finds and fixes bugs before systems are delivered
True or False: A bug base is a system for keeping track of every bug logged in a database system.
True or False: The goal of automation is to completely eliminate the need for a human to participate in the testing process.
What can a developer employ to identify and resolve code quality issues?
Code-level tools
Unit testing
Bug tracking systems
Peer reviews
True or False: When the testing is focused on how the application behaves at a code level, a white-box tester should create the tests.
What is the intent of test automation?
To automatically record issues to be fixed
To test as many pieces of functionality as possible
To optimize your process and make testing more efficient
To find as many defects as possible
Who should create automated unit tests?
QA engineer
Program developer
White-box tester
Automation tester
When is a good time to start automation testing?
At the end of the project, right before the user starts acceptance testing
When you begin coding, so that the automation tests can be done ahead of time
When the scheduled milestone for automation testing is reached
When you are confident that you do not want anything to change in the code
Which logic coverage test will test all possible combinations of condition outcomes in each decision and all points of entry at least once?
Decision coverage
Statement coverage
Condition coverage
Multiple-condition coverage
Which test case methodology should be used for a specification that contains combinations of input conditions?
Cause-effect graphing
Error guessing
Boundary value analysis
True or False: Each test-case design methodology is a particular set of useful test cases, and each one by itself is a thorough set of test cases.
True or False: Cause-effect graphing is a systematic method of generating test cases representing an ad hoc set of conditions.
True or False: The most important consideration in program testing is the design and creation of effective test cases.
Which test case design technique is based on writing test cases around probable types of errors?
Identifying equivalence classes
Which black-box methodology focuses on finding a subset of all possible inputs with the highest probability of finding the most errors?
Equivalence partitioning
Which type of testing combines one module with a set of previously tested modules before it is tested?
Big-bang testing
Logic testing
Non-incremental testing
Incremental testing
What is an advantage of bottom-up testing?
Skeletal programs allow demonstrations
Observation of test results is easier
Driver modules are produced
Major flaws occur toward the top of the program
True or False: Testing each module independently and then combining the modules to form the program is called nonincremental testing.
True or False: The only rule in top-down testing is that when selecting the next module for testing, it must be eligible to be the next module, with at least one of the module's subordinate (calling) modules previously tested.
What is an advantage of incremental testing?
Programming errors are detected earlier
Labor costs are smaller
Provides opportunities for parallel activities
It uses less machine time
What does the specification for a module typically define?
Input/Output parameters
Logic coverage
Coverage criterion
Multi-condition criterion
What type of test is a module test?
White-box
Regression
Functionality
Black-box
True or False: Module testing is a process of testing the individual subprograms, subroutines, classes, or procedures in a program.
What type of module testing includes strategies such as top-down and bottom-up?
Coverage testing
Incremental integration
Which step in the software development process defines the exact representation of the program to users?
Requirements
System design
Program structure design
External specifications
True or False: Software development is the process of moving from the conceptual to the concrete.
What is the key to successful higher-order testing?
Consistent and well-planned testing
Appropriate system testing
Function testing that uncovers errors
True or False: Requirements translate the program user's needs and specify why the program is needed.
Which test requires the organization that produced the program to create the test cases?
Function test
System test
Integration test
Installation test
Which test will show that a program does not match its external specifications?
Acceptance test
Module test
What type of test compares the program to its initial requirements and the current needs of its end users?
Unit test
Regression test
Which type of test would reveal that the program as a whole either meets or doesn't meet its objectives?
Which step in the software development process translates requirements into specific objectives?
Objectives
True or False: A system test should be performed by the programmer and the organization responsible for developing the program.
True or False: User-based testing requires the user to know the inner workings of a program.
True or False: Selecting random users—persons who are not familiar with the program's specification, or perhaps even the industry or market for which it is intended—can uncover errors or user interface problems that might not be found by experts.
What is the main consideration for a usability test?
The program meets all functionality requirements
The program passes all module testing
The program performs according to its specifications
The program has no reported issues
Based on the work of Jakob Nielsen, how many testers will collectively find 83% of errors during a usability test?
10
1
2
5
True or False: Videotaping a user test and using a think-aloud protocol can provide excellent data on software usability and user perceptions about the application.
Which approach gathers information and comments that can be counted and analyzed across the spectrum of testers?
User questionnaire
Think-aloud process
Remote user testing
Test user selection
Which debugging method looks at a reverse execution of the program?
Debugging by backtracking
Debugging by deduction
Brute-force debugging
Debugging by testing
True or False: Debugging by brute force is both efficient and successful.
Which of the following is a brute-force debugging technique?
Backtracking
Studying error symptoms
Dumping memory locations
Process of elimination
True or False: The most effective method of debugging involves a mental process.
Which of the following is a debugging principle?
Where there is one bug, there is likely to be another
The likelihood of a fix being correct is 100%
Change the object code, not the source code
Fix the symptom, not the error
Which debugging method moves from the particulars of a situation to the larger picture?
Debugging by induction
Error-locating principles
How is quality defined in Extreme Programming?
Meeting design specifications and customer expectations
Implementation of complicated designs
Good communication between developers and testers
Testing the code base once
Which agile method is being used when the programmer designs an application to pass the unit tests, therefore increasing the probability that it will meet specifications?
Extreme unit testing
Open Unified Process
Scrum
Extreme Programming
Which form of testing involves everyone in the process through the design, implementation, and execution of the test plan?
Agile testing
Continuous testing
Extreme program testing
Testing and retesting the code base
Which agile methodology is an iterative and incremental project management approach that supports many other agile methodologies?
Agile Modeling
Which type of testing includes the rule: "All code modules must have unit tests before coding begins"?
Which agile methodology includes the concept of collective ownership of the code?
What does agile testing rely on in order to facilitate the timely feedback needed for rapid development?
Requirement changes
Automated testing
Small teams of developers
When verifying the business layer of an application, which test will blast the application with multiple logins and simulate transactions to the point of failure?
Performance testing
Data validation
Response time testing
Transactional testing
What is being verified when testing the business tier?
The backend data entry and management routines
That graphics are the correct size and resolution
That transactions are completed properly
That recovery can be done using current backups
True or False: When verifying an internet application, testing browser compatibility is a significant challenge.
Which layer of an internet application houses data used by the application or collected from the end user?
Business
Data
Presentation
Browser
Which area is being tested when we test the failover capabilities of web, application, and database servers?
Business rules
Network architecture
System reliability
Performance
Which area of an application is being tested when a tester confirms that all links point to valid files or websites?
What plays a major role in whether users accept or reject an application?
Consistent and user-friendly operations
Fonts, colors, and graphics
Database operations that meet performance goals
Transactions that roll back correctly
True or False: Independently testing each internet application layer allows the tester to more easily identify bugs and errors.
Which test category verifies that the application responds appropriately to a weak signal?
Device interaction
Network infrastructure
Install/uninstall
Key mappings
True or False: When testing a mobile application on a real device, manual testing is unavoidable.
What is an advantage to using an emulator when device testing?
It can identify device-specific bugs
It is cost-effective
It can test the responsiveness of an application
It can test the code base once
Which testing challenge category is concerned with overcoming location-based obstacles?
Scripting
Carrier network infrastructure
Mobile device diversity
Usability
In a mobile environment, which term is used to describe something that has the capability to run a network-based application over a cellular or satellite data link?
Device constraint
Mobile device
Input device
Mobile application
