Drug effects on cardiac muscle:
Heart-related diseases that can be treated by drugs

Drug effects on cardiac muscle:
ways drugs can improve heart function

2 types of action potential at the heart

Endogenous regulation of the heart;
Actions of the parasympathetic NS on the heart

Action of Ach on the SA node pacemaker

Cardiac actions of drugs that mimic or inhibit the parasymathetic ns:
Muscarinic agonists

Cardiac actions of drugs that mimic or inhibit the parasympathetic NS:
Muscarinic antagonists

Endogenous regulation of the heart; actions of the sympathetic NS:
effect of adrenalina and noradrenaline on the heart

Endogenous regulation of the heart:
actions of the sympathetic NS:
Mechanisms of NA and A

Actions of noradrenaline/adrenaline on the SA node pacemaker

Cardiac excitation/contraction coupling

B-adrenoreceptor stimulation increases force and relaxation of cardiac contraction

Actions of drugs that mimic the actions of the sympathetic NS

Actions of drugs that inhibit the actions of the sympathetic NS

Cardiac glycosides

Mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides

Ranolazine- mechanism and side effects/issues

Calcium channel blockers eg verapamil and nifedipine

Arrythmias

Antiarrythmic drugs

The 4 classes of antiarrythmic drugs

Ways in which drugs can improve heart function:
1. By acting on the heart muscle itself

2. Acting on blood vessels

Summary:
Drugs can be used to alter cardiac function by directly affecting the actions of the autonomic nervous system on the heart: