Raegan Ferro
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Personality

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Raegan Ferro
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Understanding Psychology: Chapter 10

Questão 1 de 34

1

An angry parent imagines hitting a child for misbehaving, but decide instead to discuss the misbehavior with the child and to point out why the behavior was wrong. After hearing the child's explanation for the behavior, the parent feels guilty for having been so angry. The parent's anger and fantasy are the result of the _____; the decision to discuss the problem is the result of the _____; and the guilt derives from the _____ .

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • ego; superego; id

  • id; ego; superego

  • ego; id; superego

  • id; superego; ego

Explicação

Questão 2 de 34

1

Lorenzo is a young adult. According to Erikson, the major challenge he faces is _____, which will be followed in middle adulthood by the crisis of _____ .

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • intimacy vs isolation;l generativity vs stagnation

  • intimacy vs isolation; integrity vs despair

  • identity vs role confusion; integrity vs guilt

  • identity vs role confusion; initiative vs guilt

Explicação

Questão 3 de 34

1

Compensation and inferiority complex are central concepts to the theory of personality proposed by:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Freud

  • Adler

  • Jung

  • Erikson

Explicação

Questão 4 de 34

1

It has been argued that Karen Horney's most significant contribution to contemporary psychology was her view that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • social and cultural forces are more important than biology in shaping human development

  • anxiety is not a powerful force in shaping human behavior

  • Freud had underestimated the importance of the sex

  • parents nurturance and love for their children sprung entirely from the biological drive to protect their offspring

Explicação

Questão 5 de 34

1

According to Jung, a typical mental image or mythical representation is referred to as a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • collective unconscious

  • personal unconscious

  • archetype

  • introvert

Explicação

Questão 6 de 34

1

Bria was brought up with unconditional positive regard. According to Rogers, she is likely to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • feel she is valued regardless of her attitudes and behavior

  • be vain and narcissistic

  • have self-concepts that do not correspond very closely to her inborn capacities

  • lack genuine self-confidence

Explicação

Questão 7 de 34

1

Your friend has always known that she wants to be a doctor. When you ask her how she knows that, she says, "That's just who I am. It's what I want to do with my life." Rogers calls the push toward fulfilling this sense of who she is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • being fully functioning

  • expressing a high need for achievement

  • the self-actualizing tendency

  • engaging in a compensatory process

Explicação

Questão 8 de 34

1

Rogers' believed the goal of life was to fulfill our genetic blueprint. He called our biological push to accomplish this goal:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the self-assuring tendency

  • the self-actualizing tendency

  • the conditional positive regard

  • the actualizing tendency

Explicação

Questão 9 de 34

1

Pietro is competent, self-disciplined, responsible and well organized. In terms of the Big Five model of personality, he is high in:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • emotional stability

  • agreeableness

  • conscientiousness

  • intellect

Explicação

Questão 10 de 34

1

Sofia is warm, assertive, energetic and enthusiastic. According to the Big Five model of personality, she is high in:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • agreeableness

  • extraversion

  • emotional stability

  • openness to experience

Explicação

Questão 11 de 34

1

Which of the following statements has been confirmed by research?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Genetic factors play a significant role in shaping abnormal and dysfunctional personality traits.

  • Genetic factors play very little role in shaping personality

  • Genetic factors influence some traits, but play no role in predisposition toward substance abuse, or eating disorders

  • Researchers have identified specific genes that determine specific personality traits

Explicação

Questão 12 de 34

1

Based on what you have read here, The Big Five personality trait structure:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • has no application whatsoever beyond the U.S.A. where it was originally studied

  • may only apply to cultures with similar language structures

  • may only apply in English speaking cultures

  • may be applied to other cultural groups, perhaps even other species besides humans

Explicação

Questão 13 de 34

1

Rey Rmos grew up in the South Bronx, an urban ghetto where young males are more likely to go to jail than they are to graduate from high school. He said, "My father always said you can't change anything; destiny has everything written for you. But, I rebelled against that, and I told him I was going to make my own destiny." According to cognitive-social learning theories of personality, which of the following is most descriptive of Rey?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • He has a low sense of self-efficacy

  • He has an internal locus of control

  • He is compensating for feelings of inferiority

  • He has an external locus of control

Explicação

Questão 14 de 34

1

You introduce a friend to a new video game. On her first try, she doesn't do well but she says, "This is fun. I have to climb that ladder more quickly to escape the bombs. Let me try again!" According to Bandura, her optimism reflects:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • external locus control

  • environmental feedback

  • positive internal expectancies

  • a low sense of self-efficacy

Explicação

Questão 15 de 34

1

Cognitive-social learning theories of personality:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • have led to the development of useful therapies that help people recognize and change a negative sense of self-efficacy or explanatory style

  • lack potential because they focus too much on conscious behavior and experience

  • are difficult to define and thus cannot be studied scientifically

  • are not able to provide adequate explanation for the inconsistencies in human behavior

Explicação

Questão 16 de 34

1

You are consulting a psychologist who asks you to take a personality test. She shows you pictures of people and asks you to write a complete story about each picture. The test is most likely the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • NEO-PI-R

  • Rorschach Test

  • Thematic Apperception Test

  • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Explicação

Questão 17 de 34

1

"They are often not administered in a standard fashion, they are seldom scored objectively, but when interpreted by a skilled examiner, they can provide insight into a person." To what does this quotation most likely refer?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • projective personality tests

  • the NEO-PI-T and the MMPI-2

  • structured interviews

  • Objective personality tests

Explicação

Questão 18 de 34

1

If a psychologist suspects a person to be "malingering" or faking a psychiatric disorder she may decide to employ which personality test to evaluate their personality?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Thematic Apperception Test

  • NEO-PI-R

  • Rorschach

  • MMPI-2

Explicação

Questão 19 de 34

1

If you are conducting research on The Big Five, which personality test are you most likely to employ?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • MMPI-2

  • NEO-PI-R

  • 16PF

  • TAT

Explicação

Questão 20 de 34

1

Personality is the pattern of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • methods we use to control emotions, needs and desires

  • characteristics that we are born with and develop in the first 2 years of life

  • characteristic thoughts, feelings and behaviors that persist over time and situations and distinguish one person from another

  • complex ways we interact with other people and the thoughts we have about them

Explicação

Questão 21 de 34

1

According to Freud, the attempt to obtain immediate gratification for urges and desires is known as the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • reality principle

  • pleasure principle

  • secondary process

  • ego ideal

Explicação

Questão 22 de 34

1

Your uncle Paolo is a legend in the family - hoarding everything he can lay his hands on and never (absolutely never) sharing any of his bounty with anyone. After reading the personality chapter, you may suspect that according to Freud, he is fixated at the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • phallic stage of development

  • oral stage of development

  • genital stage of development

  • anal stage of development

Explicação

Questão 23 de 34

1

According to Freud, a successful outcome of the Oedipus Complex is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • identification with the same-sex parent

  • sexual promiscuity

  • identification with the opposite-sex parent

  • optimism and dependency in later life

Explicação

Questão 24 de 34

1

In Jung's theory, people who regulate their actions through thinking and feeling are called _____ whereas people who regulate their actions through intuition and sensation are called _____ .

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • introverted; extroverted

  • introverted; irrational

  • rational; irrational

  • irrational; introverted

Explicação

Questão 25 de 34

1

Carl Jung and Alfred Adler differ from Freud in de-emphasizing:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • unconscious motivations

  • sexuality

  • conscious motivations

  • social influences

Explicação

Questão 26 de 34

1

According to Jung, the collective unconscious but not the personal unconsciousness contains:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • repressed thoughts and feelings

  • sexual instincts

  • archetypes

  • compensation

Explicação

Questão 27 de 34

1

Horney's different types of personality are similar in that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • they all represent ways of coping with basic anxiety

  • they all emphasize biological forces

  • they all emphasize sexual drives

  • they all represent ways of coping with feelings of inferiority

Explicação

Questão 28 de 34

1

One similarity between the personality theories of Karen Horney and Erik Erikson is their emphasis on:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • biological factors in personality development

  • social factors in personality development

  • sexual instincts

  • basic anxiety

Explicação

Questão 29 de 34

1

According to Rogers, the goal of life is to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • fulfill the capacities and potentialities with which we are born

  • successfully negotiate 8 developmental stages

  • achieve the twin rewards of intimacy and industry

  • bring the id, the ego and the superego into a harmonious whole

Explicação

Questão 30 de 34

1

Which of the following dimensions of personality is not part of the "Big 5" personality traits?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • concientiousness

  • emotional stability

  • extroversion

  • androgyny

Explicação

Questão 31 de 34

1

According to Rotter, believing that you can control your own fate is characteristic of a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • fully functioning person

  • external locus of control

  • internal locus of control

  • cardinal trait

Explicação

Questão 32 de 34

1

Structured interviews are better than other interviews in what way?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Structured interviews allow less influence by the interviewer on the answers of the interviewee

  • Structured interviews are most used in conjunction with objective tests of personality

  • Structured interviews do not need experienced interviewers

  • Structured interviews tend to take less time

Explicação

Questão 33 de 34

1

You are conducting research and want to assess the Big 5 personality traits of each of your participants. Which test are you most likely to use?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • MMPI-2

  • NEO-PI-R

  • TAT

  • Structured interview

Explicação

Questão 34 de 34

1

A psychologist is interested in diagnosing a person she believes has a mental disorder. The psychologist also suspects the person she intends to diagnose may attempt to fake having a mental disorder. Which personality test is she most likely to use?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 16PF

  • TAT

  • NEO-PI-R

  • MMPI-2

Explicação