Echo Path Test V

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The most common of etiology of aortic stenosis in the U.S. is ____

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Aortic stenosis is the most common primary valve disease and is best evaluated with echo.

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Aortic ____ is a thickened aortic valve that still opens well, with a peak velocity < = 2.5 m/s

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The three most common AS etiologies include ____.

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Bicuspid AS usually becomes symptomatic between the ages of ___.

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Adults with bicuspid AS usually present with _____ that are reliable predictors of the need for a prosthetic valve, or the risk of heart failure/death.

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___ aortic stenosis originates at the aortic valve cusps and moves out toward the commissures.

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A 25 year-old has valvular aortic stenosis, what most likely caused it?

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What type of murmur is associated with aortic stenosis?

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Serial echocardiograms track changes in the AS patient, to include ____

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The echo report on AS should include details regarding the ____.

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Chest pain and syncope are symptoms of AS

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___ is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a balloon catheter with a stent-mounted valve crimped on its tip.

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The patient is 84 years old and the echo findings include thickened, calcifies AOV cusps, left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular enlargement, decreased left ventricular systolic function, and post stenotic dilatation of the aortic root what is most likely the diagnosis?

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When is a raphe present?

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What would you expect to see on the M-mode of a bicuspid aortic valve?

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In the echo lab, we use the Bernoulli equation to describe the relationship between pressure and velocity. The simplified Bernoulli equation= ____

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According to the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission (IAC), the non imaging CWD probe (PDEOF) must be utilized in the assessment of AS or suspected AS from multiple locations

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The aortic valve Doppler waveform is below the baseline from every window

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The continuity equation assumes that flow through a tube is constant, so if the area decreases, the velocity must also decrease

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In order to acquire a quick maximum PG, the sonographer can utilize the modified Bernoull'is equation (4V)

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According to the continuity equation, the aortic valve area AVA= (VTIlvot) (CSAlvot)/ (VTIaov)

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The aortic valve area by the continuity equations requires _____.

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A thickened AOV with a peak velocity > = 2.6 m/s suggests aortic _; whereas, a thickened AOV with a peak velocity < =2.5 m/s, suggests aortic

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If the LVOT diameter = 2.0cm, V1= 1.0 m/sec and V2= 4.0 m/sec, what is the aortic valve area according to the simplified continuity equation?

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With aortic stenosis, multiple doppler windows should be compared, to inlcude the 5C, 3C, suprasternal and left parasternal.

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Aortic stenosis can be over or underestimated by _____

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Reduced LVEF seriously impacts the AS severity scale and underestimates the AS peak velocity, consider using the AS velocity ration.

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____ would most likely cause chronic aortic regurgitation.

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Severe aortic regurgitation causes a ____

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Echo findings include diastolic flutter of the AMVL & AOV cusps, early closure of the MV, and early opening of the AOV; what is most likely the diagnosis?

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Mild aortic regurgitation creates a flatter doppler waveform with a higher pressure half-time.

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Severe aortic regurgitation causes the aorta's pressure to drop quickly, this creates a more rapid left ventricular pressure increase and higher pressure half-time.

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The aortic regurgitation pressure half-time is 300 ms; what is most likely the diagnosis?

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The AR peak velocity is usually 3+ m/s due to the pressure difference between the left ventricle and aorta.

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The heart responds to an increased preload by an increase in:

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How do we find the Cross Sectional Area ( CSA of the LVOT ) for the Continuity equation?

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Patients with long standing aortic stenosis will usually have:

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Doppler ultrasound may show retrograde flow velocities within the ascending aorta during diastole in the presence of:

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Which of the following ausculatatory sounds is most suggestive of a bicuspid aortic valve?

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Which technique would best allow you to assess the severity of aortic regurgitation?

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Aortic Valve

Echo Path Test V

The most common of etiology of aortic stenosis in the U.S. is ____

Aortic stenosis is the most common primary valve disease and is best evaluated with echo.

Aortic ____ is a thickened aortic valve that still opens well, with a peak velocity < = 2.5 m/s

The three most common AS etiologies include ____.

Bicuspid AS usually becomes symptomatic between the ages of ___.

Adults with bicuspid AS usually present with _____ that are reliable predictors of the need for a prosthetic valve, or the risk of heart failure/death.

___ aortic stenosis originates at the aortic valve cusps and moves out toward the commissures.

A 25 year-old has valvular aortic stenosis, what most likely caused it?

What type of murmur is associated with aortic stenosis?

Serial echocardiograms track changes in the AS patient, to include ____

The echo report on AS should include details regarding the ____.

Chest pain and syncope are symptoms of AS

___ is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a balloon catheter with a stent-mounted valve crimped on its tip.

The patient is 84 years old and the echo findings include thickened, calcifies AOV cusps, left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular enlargement, decreased left ventricular systolic function, and post stenotic dilatation of the aortic root what is most likely the diagnosis?

When is a raphe present?

What would you expect to see on the M-mode of a bicuspid aortic valve?

In the echo lab, we use the Bernoulli equation to describe the relationship between pressure and velocity. The simplified Bernoulli equation= ____

According to the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission (IAC), the non imaging CWD probe (PDEOF) must be utilized in the assessment of AS or suspected AS from multiple locations

The aortic valve Doppler waveform is below the baseline from every window

The continuity equation assumes that flow through a tube is constant, so if the area decreases, the velocity must also decrease

A thickened AOV with a peak velocity > = 2.6 m/s suggests aortic _; whereas, a thickened AOV with a peak velocity < =2.5 m/s, suggests aortic