Proximal Tubule Na+ Reabsorption
- Na+ moves into cell via ...exchanger and ...symporter
- ...maintains low Na+ in cell
- negative charge on lumen repels Cl-, HCO3- etc.

Thick Ascending Limb Na+ Reabsorption
- ... cotransporter to transport Na+
- ... maintains low Na+ in cell
- K+ channels allow K+ out into filtrate, creating ... and driving Na+ into cell

Distal Tubule Na+ Reabsorption
- cotransporter transports Na+ in
- ... keeps Na+ concentration in cell low

Collecting Duct Na+ Reabsorption
-2 cell types: ... cells (Na+), ...cells (H+)
- In ... cell, ....and Na+/K+ ATPase

What is the definition of clearance?

What is the equation?

What is the unit?

Clearance Values:
...: <120ml/min eg. most solutes
No change: .../min eg. ...
...:>120ml/min eg. ...

Describe the mechanisms of ADH in the collecting duct

H20 Reabsorption depends on which 3 factors?

Making Concentrated Urine
How is the concentration gradient created?
1. ...pumps Na+ out via Na+/K+/2Cl- co transporter

Making concentrated urine
How is water removed from the LoH?
2. ... picks up ..., loses ... (osmosis) as it descends due to increasing solute concentration down the medulla

Making concentrated urine
Why does osmolarity decrease up the ascending tubule?
3. ... impermeable to H20
- solutes move out, H20 remains
- Osmolarity decreases up ascending tube

Name the 3 places of urea reabsorption and their mechanism?

Osmolality Ranges:
Plasma: ...mosm/kg
Urine: ...mosm/kg
Concentrated if >plasma
Dilute if <plasma
Main determinant is ...

Potassium is the major ... in body, determines ...

What is Renal Plasma flow?
What is it measured by?
What is it usually?

What is the equation for renal blood flow?

Sodium reabsorption occurs in:
PCT (...%)
Thick Ascending Limb (...%)
DCT (...%)
Collecting Duct (...%)

What are the 4 factors increasing K+ secretion?

What are the sites of K+ reabsorption?

Principle cells reabsorb ... and secrete...

What is the role of ADH in urea recycling?

What measures clearance experimentally vs. clinically?

... supplies blood without washing gradient away via counter current exchange
Counter current exchange is when loops slow blood flow so reabsorbed solutes can reenter interstitual fluid/mantian concentration gradient

Urea is .... at the level of the renal corpuscle and undergoes ... in the kidney as majority is