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What are the three lines on the DTM
death rate
Natural increase
Fertility rate
total population
birth rate
Definition of birth rate
Number of infant deaths / per 1000 / per year
Number of births / per 10 women / per year
Number of live births / per 1000 of the population / per year
The DTM currently has 5 stages but previously had 4
Natural increase and fertility rate have the same meaning
What are the 5 stages of the DTM called?
Late expanding
Low stationary
Early expanding
stage 1 beginning
Early stationary
High stationary
Stage 5
Economic migrants move to find work
Asylum seekers are undeclared and staying illegally in a country
Characteristics of a stage 2 population pyramid
wide base
Defined pyramid shape
Narrow base
Narrow top
bulging centre
Characteristics of a stage 4 population pyramid
bulging bottom
Bulge in the centre
Clear pyramid shape
Higher pyramid
Wide top
Narrowed bottom
What is calculated by subtracting emigration from imigration
Economic migration
Net migration
A Population distribution B population density
A The number of people in a specific area (country/city) B How people are spread throughout a country
A How people are spread throughout a country B The number of people in a specific area (country/city)
Good medical care and lots of jobs are reasons for an area being densely populated
What is the replacement rate?
1.2
2.3
2.1
Some factors effecting birth rate
Ratio of women to men
Early marriage
Education
country size
Contraception access
Factors affecting death rate
Sanitation levels
Nutrition
Disease
France, Germany and Hungary are examples of what stage countries?
5
3
4
1
2
Bangladesh and Nigeria are examples of what stage countries?
What stage is called late expanding? (falling birth rate and continued falling death rate)
Strengths of DTM
No time guidance given
Enables prediction for future changes
Easy to understand
Universal, applies to all countries
People in developed countries moving from urban to rural areas is known as
counter urbanisation
Forced migration
Urban migration
Distance decay = NUMBER OF MIGRANTS DECLINE AS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN ORIGIN AND DESTINATION INCREASES
Consequences of migration
Shanty towns
Investment in boarder controls needed
Cheap labour
Racial tension