What occurs within the nasal cavity?
Almost 100% saturation of air with water
50% saturation of air with water
Almost 100% saturation of blood with oxygen
Cooling of the air
What is the opening of the nose referred to as?
Anterior nares
Posterior nares
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinus
What does the posterior nares lead to?
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
What name is given to the folds of the nasal cavity wall that force air to cross on top and in-between to warm it?
Nasal conchae
Paranasal sinuses
Nares
Nostrils
Which of the following is another mechanism to increase warming of air entering the nasal cavity?
Blood vessels in nasal cavity close to mucosa
Two nostrils instead of one
Secretion of mucous
Simple squamous epithelium
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the nasal cavity shown here.
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the respiratory tract as shown below.
What is the pharynx?
A muscular tube connecting the oral and nasal cavity to the larynx and oesophagus
A cartilaginous tube connecting the oral and nasal cavity to the larynx and oesophagus
A fold of nasal mucosa found in the nasal cavity
The anterior opening of the nose
Where does the pharynx begin?
Base of the skull
Epiglottis
Cricoid cartilage
Where does the pharynx end?
Cricoid cartilage (C6)
Cricoid cartilage (C1)
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe this portion of the upper respiratory tract, paying particular attention to the pharynx.
Which part of the pharynx conditions inspired air and propagates it into the larynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Which part of the pharynx is lined with respiratory epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells)?
Laryngopharnx
In which part of the pharynx will you find the adenoid tonsils?
Where does the oropharynx end?
Superior border of the epiglottis
Inferior border of the epiglottis
Cricothyoid cartilage
Soft palate
How much of the tongue does the oropharynx contain?
Posterior 1/3
Anterior 1/3
None
All
Which of the following are found in the oropharynx?
Lingual tonsils (lymphoid tissue at base of tongue)
Palatine tonsils (in the tonsillar fossa)
Superior constrictor muscle
Adenoid tonsils
Respiratory epithelium
Which phases of swallowing is the oropharynx involved in?
Voluntary only
Involuntary only
Voluntary and involuntary
Where does the laryngopharynx occur?
Between the superior border of the epiglottis and inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6)
Between the inferior border of the epiglottis and inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6)
Between the posterior nares and the superior border of the epiglottis
Between the soft palate and the superior border of the epiglottis
The laryngopharynx communicates with the larynx via the laryngeal inlet.
Where are the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors found?
From what does the pharynx receive sensory innervation from?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)
Vagus nerve (CNX)
External laryngeal nerve
Superior cervical ganglion
Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the pharynx except the stylopharyngeus?
Arterial supply to the pharynx is achieved by branches of the....
External carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Vertebral arteries
Basilar artery
The pharyngeal venous plexus drains into...
The internal jugular vein
The external jugular vein
The brachiocephalic vein
The superior sagittal sinus
The structure of the larynx is primarily...
Cartilaginous
Bony
Muscular
Membranous
Where does the larynx span between?
C3 and C6
C5 and C7
C1 and C7
C2 and C7
The larynx is continuous with the trachea inferiorly.
What is found posterior to the larynx?
Oesophagus
Anatomically, the internal cavity of the larynx can be divided into three sections. Which section will you find between the inferior surface of the epiglottis and the vestibular folds/false vocal cords?
Supraglottis
Glottis
Subglottis
Anatomically, the internal cavity of the larynx can be divided into three sections. Which section will you find containing the vocal cords and 1cm below them?
Anatomically, the internal cavity of the larynx can be divided into three sections. Which section will you find between the inferior border of the glottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage?
What type of epithelium will you find in the interior surface of the larynx?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Stratifed squamous epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Simple ciliated columnar epithelium
Which structure of the larynx is, uniquely, lined by stratified squamous epithelium?
True vocal cords
Vestibular folds/false vocal cords
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the internal structure of the larynx.
Which of the following cartilages of the larynx are unpaired?
Thyroid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Cuneiform cartilage
Which unpaired cartilage of the larynx is composed of two sheets which join together anteriorly to form the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)?
The posterior border of each sheet of the thyroid cartilage projects superior and inferiorly. Where does the superior horn attach?
To the hyoid bone via the lateral thyrohyoid ligament
To the hyoid bone directly
To the cricoid cartilage
To the vertebral column
The posterior border of each sheet of the thyroid cartilage projects superior and inferiorly. Where does the inferior horn attach?
Which unpaired cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring of hyaline cartilage?
Where will you find the cricoid cartilage?
C6
C1
C2
T1
The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped plate of elastic cartilage marking the entrance to the larynx. Where is its 'stalk' attached?
Anterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage
Anterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage
Hyoid bone
Vertebra prominens (C7)
When does the epigottis flatten to close off the larynx?
Swallowing
Breathing
Talking
Coughing
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the cartilages of the larynx.
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the extrinsic ligaments of the larynx.
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe this coronal section of the larynx.
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the neurovasculature of the larynx.